Prosocial Behaviour

Question 1

Prosocial Behaviour

Answer 1

Actions intended to benefit others that also helps self in some way

Question 2

Altrusim

Answer 2

Helping other people for no possible benefit for self

Question 3

How does the evolutionary model explain prosocial behaviour

Answer 3

Likelihood of survival depends on support networks, more likely to help people who have our genes and/or will help back

Question 4

Inclusive fitness

Answer 4

Our fitness included in the survival of kin, therefore willing to help them

Question 5

According to kin selection, would you save someone with no reproductive fitness (i.e. grandma)

Answer 5

Not as likely to

Question 6

Why will the Carnegie hero fund not give their altruism prize to anyone who saves a family member?

Answer 6

Kin selection, therefore not true altruism

Question 7

According to Bernstein et al, when does kinship matter

Answer 7

During life or death situations (more likely to help kinship havers)

Question 8

According to Bernstein et al, how does age factor into helping

Answer 8

• Everyday life help youngest and oldest (helpless)
• Life/death help youngest

Question 9

According to Bernstein et al, how does gender factor into helping in everyday scenarios

Answer 9

Men - help young/old
Women - help regardless of age

Question 10

According to Bernstein et al, how does gender factor into helping in life/death scenarios

Answer 10

Men - youngest/oldest
Women - more likely to help than man. Generally more likely to help younger women

Question 11

According to Bernstein et al, why are you less likely to feed a baby during a famine?

Answer 11

Baby needs more resources to grow to reproducing age. Might not even survive famine

Question 12

According to Bernstein et al, what age range would be most likely to receive food during famine?

Answer 12

10-18

Question 13

Negative state relief model

Answer 13

People help others to counteract their own feelings of sadness

Question 14

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

Answer 14

Empathetic concern for a person in need produces altruistic motive for helping

Question 15

Bystander effect

Answer 15

Presence of others inhibits helping

Question 16

What are some theorized reason that Kitty Genovese’s 38 neighbours didn’t save her?

Answer 16

• Ambiguity
• Evaluation apprehension
• Pluralistic ignorance
• Diffusion of responsibility

Question 17

In the “Woman in distress experiment”, what was the main factor that prevented help

Answer 17

Pluralistic ignorance

Question 18

In the “Woman in distress” experiment, what 2 IVs were most likely to help within 2 minutes?

Answer 18

Alone and participant + friend

Question 19

What is evaluation apprehension?

Answer 19

Can’t tell if it’s an emergency or not

Question 20

In the “seizure” study, what was the main factor that prevented people from helping?

Answer 20

Diffusion of responsibility

Question 21

What is the 5 step Bystander intervention model?

Answer 21

1. Notice the event
2. Interpret as emergency
3. Decide it’s your responsibility to help
4. Decide what to do to help and whether that idea works
5. make conscious decision to help

Question 22

Why does the woman in distress experiment text pluralistic ignorance and NOT diffusion of responsibility?

Answer 22

• Ambiguous event
• Able to communicate others

Question 23

Why does the seizure experiment measure diffusion and not pluralistic ignorance?

Answer 23

• Not ambiguous whatsoever
• No ability to communicate
• more witnesses = less likely to help

Question 24

Why does the ability to communicate with other influence helping behaviour?

Answer 24

Try to gather information about situation from other witnesses facial expressions while staying calm yourself. But they’re doing the same thing. Everyone appears calm = incorrect assumption that ur big chillin

Question 25

How does the 5 step bystander intervention model increase helping (3)

Answer 25

• reduce ambiguity
• clarify responsibility
• awareness of bystander effect makes you less susceptible to it

Question 26

How does the bystander effect change in dangerous emergencies?

Answer 26

Smaller and even reversed

Question 27

Why is the bystander effect decreased/non-existent in dangerous scenarios? (3)

Answer 27

• Low ambiguity
• Increased arousal
• Others as source of physical support

Question 28

What are the 2 predictions of “altruism” in negative state-relief model?

Answer 28

1. Helping boosts our mood
   2 Only help if no easier way to boost our mood

Question 29

When is the empathy-altruism model more supported?

Answer 29

If empathy increases helping regardless of mood

Question 30

When is the negative state relief model more supported?

Answer 30

If empathy only increases helping if helper is in a negative mood state

Question 31

What were the (summary) findings of Cialdini et al., on neg state relief (3)

Answer 31

• Empathy induces a negative state
• Empathy doesn’t increase helping if negative state is associated with empathy is relieved
• Therefore empathy = egoistic

Question 32

According to Isen et al., does a positive mood increase likelihood of helping?

Answer 32

The closer need to help is to good mood induction, more likely you are to help

Question 33

Why does a good mood increase chance of helping?

Answer 33

Cycle of pos behaviour, good mood, and positive thoughts

Question 34

Does a good mood ALWAYS increase helping?

Answer 34

No, helping unlikely if it will reduce positive state