Aggression Flashcards
Anger
Emotional state. Correlated but ≠ aggression
Aggression
Behaviour. INTENT to harm
Frustration
Feeling when you’re being blocked from goal you want to achieve
What were the results of Kenrick & MacFarlane’s study on honking time
Hotter outside temp + no AC in car -> longer time spent honking (up to 2.5 seconds)
How does pain influence aggression
Increases frustration -> increases aggression
How does mitigating information impact frustration/aggression?
Intent, justifications, excuses , and apologies can decrease frustration and aggression
How does the ability to think clearly impact frustration/aggression?
Enraged to the point where cognitive functions leave the chat → unlikely to override
Goffman’s 3 types of remedial exchanges
Justification, excuses, (genuine) apologies
What can lessen the effects of mitigating information?
Inability to think clearly (i.e. drunk)
3 aspects of the original frustration-aggression hypothesis
- Frustration leads to aggression inevitably
- If you have been aggressive, must have been frustrated beforehand
- Connection of the two is automatic
According to Berkowitz et al., how did people with hand in lukewarm vs ice water rate business models?
Lukewarm: mostly good
Ice: Gave more punishments but still rated some well
Do people get more angry thinking about someone justified in doing something frustrating or unjustified
Unjustified (hoe if u get this wrong just jump atp)
What were the findings of Ohbuchi & Kambara’s frustration, intent, aggression study?
When teacher did not intend to harm - low shock, When teacher intended to harm - high shock
Results of Kremer & Stephens study on insults and mitigating
No insult = low shock
Insult and no mitigating = high
Insult but mitigated = medium
According to Kriegelmayer, does an apology decrease both aggression and anger?
No only decreases aggression
True or false, cues associated with aggression can cause aggression in the absence of frustration
True
What were the results of the “Weapons as Primes” hypothesis (then test idk why it’s called that)
Weapon prime + aggressive words = fastest reaction time
What role does arousal have in frustration/aggression
Frustration -> arousal -> aggression
Why does arousal increase aggression? (2)
- Arousal intensifies affective and behavioural responses
- Arousal interferes with rational thought
True or false, in most cultures men are most likely the murderers and murder victims
True
In what ways are males more aggressive
Physical and verbal
In what way are females more aggressive
Indirect and relational aggression (i.e. lies, backstabbing)
Being low in _____ is a strong predictor of aggression
Agreeableness
Being low on ____ combined with high ____ is likely to lead to aggression
Openness, neuroticism
What traits (4) would leaf to aggression only under conditions of provocation
Emotional susceptibility, being “type A”, impulsivity, low agreeableness
Dark Triad
Machiavellianism (manipulativeness), psychopathy, and narcissism
