research methods Flashcards
dependent variable
variable that is measured by the researcher
independent variable
measures the effect of this change on the DV
directional hypothesis
researcher makes clear the sort of difference between 2 condition or 2 groups of people
non-directional hypothesis
there is a difference between 2 condition or 2 groups of people but not specified.
operationalisation
being more specific
Extraneous variable
in an experiment an IV is manipulated to see how this effects the DV.
Any variable other then IV that effects the DV.
These additionn and unwatedx variables should be removed
confounding variables
Its kinda of an Extraneous variable that varies systematically with IV.
So we cant tell if the change in the DV is because of the IV or the compounding variable
demand characteristic
any cue of the researcher or research situation may give which makes the participent feel like they can guess the aim of the situation
investigator effect
An unwanted influence of the researcher’s behaviour (conscious or unconscious) on the DV measured.
randomisation
use of chance to reduce the effects of bias from investigator effect
standardisation
using the exact same formalised procedure and instruction for every single participant involved on the research process
What are the 4 types of experiment
1) Laboratory
2) Field
3) Quasi
4) Natural
Laboratory
takes p;lace in a special environment whereby different variables can take place
strengths of laboratory
1) high degree of control - experimenters control all variables
2) replication - researcher can repeat experiment and check results
limitations of laboratory
1) Experiments bias - bias can affects results
2) Low ecological validity - high degree of control makes the situational artificial.
