Research Methods

Question 1

Descriptive Study

Answer 1

Describes a set of facts
Does not look for relationships or predict anything .

Question 2

Naturalistic observation

Answer 2

Direct observation in natural habitat

Question 3

Case Study

Answer 3

In depth detail description of single individual.

Question 4

Survey

Answer 4

Investigate opinions, behaviors, characteristics of a particular group.

Question 5

Longitudinal Study

Answer 5

Examining a group of people over a long period of time. (Same people)

Question 6

Cross Sectional

Answer 6

Measures a cross section of people
Like a longitudinal but different people.

Question 7

Correlational Study

Answer 7

Predict relationships
Correlation does not prove causation.

Question 8

Positive correlation

Answer 8

Both are going in same direction (both increase of both decrease)

Question 9

Negative Correlation

Answer 9

2 factors vary in opposite directions

Question 10

Illusionary Correlation

Answer 10

Perception of relationship where non-exist (superstitions)

Question 11

Experimental Research

Answer 11

Demonstrate a cause and effect relationship

Question 12

Independent variable

Answer 12

What being changed

Question 13

Dependent relationships

Answer 13

What is being measured (result)

Question 14

Confounding variables (extraneous variables)

Answer 14

Factors not focus of the experiment that effect the results.

Question 15

Random assigment

Answer 15

People are randomly assigned into groups

Question 16

Control group

Answer 16

Baseline

Question 17

Experimental group

Answer 17

Who is getting the IV

Question 18

Double-blind experiment

Answer 18

Both participant and researcher do not know what group the participants are in.

Question 19

Placebo

Answer 19

Sugar pill——-you feel better because you think you should.

Question 20

Operational Definitions

Answer 20

Precise definitions of the variables.

Question 21

Demand Characteristics

Answer 21

Subtle cues by researches that communicate with participants and can effect results.

Question 22

Practice effect

Answer 22

change in performance that results from repetition.

Question 23

Hawthorne effects

Answer 23

People don’t act the same when being observed.

Question 24

Mode

Answer 24

Most frequent

Question 25

Mean

Answer 25

Average

Question 26

Median

Answer 26

Middle

Question 27

Positive Skew

Answer 27

Tail goes in positive direction, (most scores are on the low end.)

Question 28

Negative Skew

Answer 28

Tail goes in negative direction. (most scores in the higher end)

Question 29

Inferential Stat..

Answer 29

Guide us to what conclusions we can make.

Question 30

Descriptive Stats

Answer 30

Describes the data.

Question 31

Normal disribution

Answer 31

Symmetrical (mean = mode = median)

Question 32

Statistically significant

Answer 32

There was a enough of a change that there is a 5% chance that the results could have happened by chance. (Results were probably caused by IV)

Question 33

Range

Answer 33

HIgh-low

Question 34

Standard Deviation

Answer 34

Takes all the data and figures out how spread out the data is.

Question 35

Experimental Ethics

Answer 35

Guidelines to protect participants.
Informed Consent, No deception (unless needed), Confidentiality, debriefed, students are not forced)

Question 36

APA, IRB, IACUC

Answer 36

Protects participants, reviews the experiment write up before it is carried out and says if you can do it or not.