Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Descriptive Study

A

Describes a set of facts
Does not look for relationships or predict anything .

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2
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Direct observation in natural habitat

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3
Q

Case Study

A

In depth detail description of single individual.

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4
Q

Survey

A

Investigate opinions, behaviors, characteristics of a particular group.

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5
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

Examining a group of people over a long period of time. (Same people)

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6
Q

Cross Sectional

A

Measures a cross section of people
Like a longitudinal but different people.

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7
Q

Correlational Study

A

Predict relationships
Correlation does not prove causation.

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8
Q

Positive correlation

A

Both are going in same direction (both increase of both decrease)

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9
Q

Negative Correlation

A

2 factors vary in opposite directions

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10
Q

Illusionary Correlation

A

Perception of relationship where non-exist (superstitions)

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11
Q

Experimental Research

A

Demonstrate a cause and effect relationship

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12
Q

Independent variable

A

What being changed

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13
Q

Dependent relationships

A

What is being measured (result)

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14
Q

Confounding variables (extraneous variables)

A

Factors not focus of the experiment that effect the results.

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15
Q

Random assigment

A

People are randomly assigned into groups

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16
Q

Control group

A

Baseline

17
Q

Experimental group

A

Who is getting the IV

18
Q

Double-blind experiment

A

Both participant and researcher do not know what group the participants are in.

19
Q

Placebo

A

Sugar pill——-you feel better because you think you should.

20
Q

Operational Definitions

A

Precise definitions of the variables.

21
Q

Demand Characteristics

A

Subtle cues by researches that communicate with participants and can effect results.

22
Q

Practice effect

A

change in performance that results from repetition.

23
Q

Hawthorne effects

A

People don’t act the same when being observed.

24
Q

Mode

A

Most frequent

25
Q

Mean

A

Average

26
Q

Median

A

Middle

27
Q

Positive Skew

A

Tail goes in positive direction, (most scores are on the low end.)

28
Q

Negative Skew

A

Tail goes in negative direction. (most scores in the higher end)

29
Q

Inferential Stat..

A

Guide us to what conclusions we can make.

30
Q

Descriptive Stats

A

Describes the data.

31
Q

Normal disribution

A

Symmetrical (mean = mode = median)

32
Q

Statistically significant

A

There was a enough of a change that there is a 5% chance that the results could have happened by chance. (Results were probably caused by IV)

33
Q

Range

A

HIgh-low

34
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Takes all the data and figures out how spread out the data is.

35
Q

Experimental Ethics

A

Guidelines to protect participants.
Informed Consent, No deception (unless needed), Confidentiality, debriefed, students are not forced)

36
Q

APA, IRB, IACUC

A

Protects participants, reviews the experiment write up before it is carried out and says if you can do it or not.