Research Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Descriptive Study

A

Describes a set of facts
Does not look for relationships or predict anything .

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2
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Direct observation in natural habitat

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3
Q

Case Study

A

In depth detail description of single individual.

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4
Q

Survey

A

Investigate opinions, behaviors, characteristics of a particular group.

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5
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

Examining a group of people over a long period of time. (Same people)

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6
Q

Cross Sectional

A

Measures a cross section of people
Like a longitudinal but different people.

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7
Q

Correlational Study

A

Predict relationships
Correlation does not prove causation.

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8
Q

Positive correlation

A

Both are going in same direction (both increase of both decrease)

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9
Q

Negative Correlation

A

2 factors vary in opposite directions

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10
Q

Illusionary Correlation

A

Perception of relationship where non-exist (superstitions)

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11
Q

Experimental Research

A

Demonstrate a cause and effect relationship

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12
Q

Independent variable

A

What being changed

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13
Q

Dependent relationships

A

What is being measured (result)

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14
Q

Confounding variables (extraneous variables)

A

Factors not focus of the experiment that effect the results.

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15
Q

Random assigment

A

People are randomly assigned into groups

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16
Q

Control group

17
Q

Experimental group

A

Who is getting the IV

18
Q

Double-blind experiment

A

Both participant and researcher do not know what group the participants are in.

19
Q

Placebo

A

Sugar pill——-you feel better because you think you should.

20
Q

Operational Definitions

A

Precise definitions of the variables.

21
Q

Demand Characteristics

A

Subtle cues by researches that communicate with participants and can effect results.

22
Q

Practice effect

A

change in performance that results from repetition.

23
Q

Hawthorne effects

A

People don’t act the same when being observed.

24
Q

Mode

A

Most frequent

25
Mean
Average
26
Median
Middle
27
Positive Skew
Tail goes in positive direction, (most scores are on the low end.)
28
Negative Skew
Tail goes in negative direction. (most scores in the higher end)
29
Inferential Stat..
Guide us to what conclusions we can make.
30
Descriptive Stats
Describes the data.
31
Normal disribution
Symmetrical (mean = mode = median)
32
Statistically significant
There was a enough of a change that there is a 5% chance that the results could have happened by chance. (Results were probably caused by IV)
33
Range
HIgh-low
34
Standard Deviation
Takes all the data and figures out how spread out the data is.
35
Experimental Ethics
Guidelines to protect participants. Informed Consent, No deception (unless needed), Confidentiality, debriefed, students are not forced)
36
APA, IRB, IACUC
Protects participants, reviews the experiment write up before it is carried out and says if you can do it or not.