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Ap Psych > Memory, Cognition, Language & Intelligence > Flashcards

Memory, Cognition, Language & Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Function: Receiving many sensory inputs at a time
Capacity: Large
Duration: Brief

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2
Q

Echoic

A

Auditory memory
Lasts the longest

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3
Q

Iconic

A

Visual memory

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4
Q

Short Term Memory (working)

A

Function: Hold info for brief time.
Capacity: Limited (7-9)
Duration: Brief (20-30 sec)

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5
Q

Long Term

A

Function: Memories
Capacity: Large
Duration: ? possible forever.

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6
Q

Maintenance Rehersal

A

Mental or verbal repetition of info allows info to remain longer.

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7
Q

Encoding

A

Short term to Long term

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8
Q

Automatic Processing

A

Big things, survival

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9
Q

Effortful Processing

A

Have to put in effort

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10
Q

Shallow Processing

A

memorization

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11
Q

Deep Processing

A

Making connections+ applications.

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12
Q

Rehearsal

A

Saying it out load

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13
Q

Spacing

A

30 min breaks

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14
Q

Imagery

A

Visualize info

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15
Q

Mnemonics

A

Words that represent something else

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16
Q

chunking

A

Combining info

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17
Q

Serial Position effect

A

Primary: Remembering what comes 1st.
Regency: Remembering what comes last.

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18
Q

Tip of the Tongue

A

Know you know but can’t produce the knowledge.

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19
Q

Recall

A

Retrieving memories no cues (essay)

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20
Q

Cued Recall

A

retrieving memories with cues (fill in the blank)

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21
Q

Recognition

A

Identifying correct into from a list. (multiple choice)

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22
Q

Encoding specificity Principle

A

When conditions of retrieval are similar to conditions of encoding makes retrieval is more likely.

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23
Q

Context Effects

A

Environment is the same

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24
Q

State dependent

A

Physical (Internal)

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25
Q

Mood Convergence

A

Mood/emotions

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26
Q

Priming

A

Activation, often unconscious, of particular associations in memory.

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27
Q

Semantic Network Model

A

starts 1 place and end in another.
Conversation begins with tree and ends with elementary school teachers.

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28
Q

Explicit

A

Effortful
Frontal lobe (working memory)
Hippocampus ( Left- verbal, Right - visual)
1. Associate names with faces
2. Spatial mnemonics
During sleep memories move to Cortex)

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29
Q

Implicit

A

Automatic
Cerebellum - Classical coditioning
Cortex move to Basal Ganglia - procedural memories

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30
Q

Infantile Amnesia

A

Why activities learned as a baby last to adulthood even if you don’t remember learning it.

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31
Q

Amygdola

A

Mood Congruence

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32
Q

Long term potentiation (LTP)

A

Neural basis for learning and remember associations.

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33
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

Unable to remember past episodic event after a head injury

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34
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Unable to form new memories (hippocampus damaged)

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35
Q

Dementia

A

Decline in mental function

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36
Q

Alzhemiers

A

Type of dementia
Destroys neurons targeting “memory” neurons 1st.

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37
Q

Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve

A

After 1 day we only remember 20% of what we learned)

38
Q

Retrieval Failure

A

In long term but can’t get it out

39
Q

Encoding failure

A

Info never made it to long term memory

40
Q

Motivated Amnesia

A

Suppress undesired memories

41
Q

Memory Decay

A

Use or lose it

42
Q

Retroactive interference

A

New memories replace old ones

43
Q

Proactive Interference

A

Old memories interfere with making new ones.

44
Q

Imagination Inflation

A

Imaging an event in great detail
lead to
Believe it is a memory
When it never really happened.

45
Q

Schema

A

Mental representation of an object
What you expect to see so you do
but it is not really there.

46
Q

Loftus experiement

A

Eye witness testimonies
- 1 word can change how a person sees and event
Bumped vs. smashed when talking about speed of a car when it crashed.

47
Q

Eidetic Memory

A

Photographic

48
Q

Prospective Memory

A

Remember something you need to do I the future,
“I need to remember to take the trash out when I get home.”

49
Q

Metacognition

A

Thinking about thinking.
“Why did I think about that”

50
Q

Barnum Effect

A

Believing vague info is true. (horoscopes)

51
Q

prototype

A

A mental image of a category

52
Q

Divergent Thinking

A

Proposing many possible solutions in an attempt to suggest i that may work

53
Q

Convergent thinking

A

Bringing together different ideas to determine a single best solution

54
Q

Functional Fixedness

A

Tendency to view objects as functioning only in their usual way.

55
Q

Mental set

A

Tendency to persist in solving problems with tried and true solutions.

56
Q

Reprehensive Heuristic

A

Determining the likelihood of an event by comparing it to the prototype for the event.

57
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

Determining the likelihood of an event based on how readily we remember instances of the event.

58
Q

Overconfidence

A

Confidence > accuracy

59
Q

Exaggerated fear

A

Opposite of overconfidence.

60
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Focus only on supporting evidence

61
Q

Belief Perserverance

A

Clinging to beliefs even if prove false.

62
Q

Framing

A

How an issue is worded can influence judgement.

63
Q

Belief bias

A

Beliefs distort logic

64
Q

Hindsight bias

A

Belief that you could have known an event was coming and changed it.

65
Q

Phoneme

66
Q

Morpheme

A

Smallest distinctive sound that has meaning.

67
Q

Babbling stage

A

1st stage
spontaneous phonemes.

68
Q

1 word stage

A

2nd stage (1 year)
Dada, mama, doggy

69
Q

2 word stage

A

3rd stage (2 years)
more food, no dada

70
Q

overgeneralization

A

Generalize grammar rule so they apply to everything.
Broomed vs. swept.

71
Q

Skinner

A

Reinforcemnt leads to language

72
Q

Chomsky

A

Born with universal grammar.

73
Q

Whorfirm Hypothhesis

A

Language shapes thought patterns.

74
Q

Binet

A

Mental age
(can be lower, same, or high than actual age)

75
Q

Terman

A

Stanford binet scale
brought to the U.S

76
Q

Sterm

A

IQ
MA/CA *100 = IQ
68% of pop. lands between 1 st. dev. of the mean (100)

77
Q

Wecshler

A

Modernized
Made a test for children and adults

78
Q

Sternberg

A

3 part intelligence
Analytical: problem solving
creative: Creating novel solutions
Practical: Adapting to you environment.

79
Q

Spearman

80
Q

Thurstone and Gardner

A

multiple intelligences
7-9
logical
linguistic
musical
naturalistic
interpersonal
intrapersonal
kinesthetic
spatial

81
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

Decreases with age (reaction time, resoning skills)

82
Q

Crystallized intelligance

A

Grows with age (fact)

83
Q

Flynn effect

A

Intelligence has increased in the last decade.

84
Q

Standardized

A

Administered to large group of people under uniform conditions.

85
Q

Reliable

A

Ability to produce consistent results when administered

86
Q

Split half

A

Reliable
1st and 2nd half have similar results

87
Q

Test-retest

A

Reliable
Multiple time with the same results

88
Q

Alternate Forms

A

Reliable
Even with different questions the test gets similar pass rates.

89
Q

Vaild

A

Test measure what it is supposed to

90
Q

Criteron

A

Valid
Using an old test to make a new one

91
Q

Construct

A

Vaild
Success the test predicts the behavior it is supposed to.

92
Q

Content

A

Valid
Extent to which a test samples the desired behavior

Ap Psych (13 decks)

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