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Ap Psych > Memory, Cognition, Language & Intelligence > Flashcards

Memory, Cognition, Language & Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Function: Receiving many sensory inputs at a time
Capacity: Large
Duration: Brief

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2
Q

Echoic

A

Auditory memory
Lasts the longest

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3
Q

Iconic

A

Visual memory

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4
Q

Short Term Memory (working)

A

Function: Hold info for brief time.
Capacity: Limited (7-9)
Duration: Brief (20-30 sec)

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5
Q

Long Term

A

Function: Memories
Capacity: Large
Duration: ? possible forever.

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6
Q

Maintenance Rehersal

A

Mental or verbal repetition of info allows info to remain longer.

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7
Q

Encoding

A

Short term to Long term

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8
Q

Automatic Processing

A

Big things, survival

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9
Q

Effortful Processing

A

Have to put in effort

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10
Q

Shallow Processing

A

memorization

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11
Q

Deep Processing

A

Making connections+ applications.

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12
Q

Rehearsal

A

Saying it out load

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13
Q

Spacing

A

30 min breaks

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14
Q

Imagery

A

Visualize info

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15
Q

Mnemonics

A

Words that represent something else

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16
Q

chunking

A

Combining info

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17
Q

Serial Position effect

A

Primary: Remembering what comes 1st.
Regency: Remembering what comes last.

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18
Q

Tip of the Tongue

A

Know you know but can’t produce the knowledge.

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19
Q

Recall

A

Retrieving memories no cues (essay)

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20
Q

Cued Recall

A

retrieving memories with cues (fill in the blank)

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21
Q

Recognition

A

Identifying correct into from a list. (multiple choice)

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22
Q

Encoding specificity Principle

A

When conditions of retrieval are similar to conditions of encoding makes retrieval is more likely.

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23
Q

Context Effects

A

Environment is the same

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24
Q

State dependent

A

Physical (Internal)

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25
Mood Convergence
Mood/emotions
26
Priming
Activation, often unconscious, of particular associations in memory.
27
Semantic Network Model
starts 1 place and end in another. Conversation begins with tree and ends with elementary school teachers.
28
Explicit
Effortful Frontal lobe (working memory) Hippocampus ( Left- verbal, Right - visual) 1. Associate names with faces 2. Spatial mnemonics During sleep memories move to Cortex)
29
Implicit
Automatic Cerebellum - Classical coditioning Cortex move to Basal Ganglia - procedural memories
30
Infantile Amnesia
Why activities learned as a baby last to adulthood even if you don't remember learning it.
31
Amygdola
Mood Congruence
32
Long term potentiation (LTP)
Neural basis for learning and remember associations.
33
Retrograde Amnesia
Unable to remember past episodic event after a head injury
34
Anterograde amnesia
Unable to form new memories (hippocampus damaged)
35
Dementia
Decline in mental function
36
Alzhemiers
Type of dementia Destroys neurons targeting "memory" neurons 1st.
37
Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
After 1 day we only remember 20% of what we learned)
38
Retrieval Failure
In long term but can't get it out
39
Encoding failure
Info never made it to long term memory
40
Motivated Amnesia
Suppress undesired memories
41
Memory Decay
Use or lose it
42
Retroactive interference
New memories replace old ones
43
Proactive Interference
Old memories interfere with making new ones.
44
Imagination Inflation
Imaging an event in great detail lead to Believe it is a memory When it never really happened.
45
Schema
Mental representation of an object What you expect to see so you do but it is not really there.
46
Loftus experiement
Eye witness testimonies - 1 word can change how a person sees and event Bumped vs. smashed when talking about speed of a car when it crashed.
47
Eidetic Memory
Photographic
48
Prospective Memory
Remember something you need to do I the future, "I need to remember to take the trash out when I get home."
49
Metacognition
Thinking about thinking. "Why did I think about that"
50
Barnum Effect
Believing vague info is true. (horoscopes)
51
prototype
A mental image of a category
52
Divergent Thinking
Proposing many possible solutions in an attempt to suggest i that may work
53
Convergent thinking
Bringing together different ideas to determine a single best solution
54
Functional Fixedness
Tendency to view objects as functioning only in their usual way.
55
Mental set
Tendency to persist in solving problems with tried and true solutions.
56
Reprehensive Heuristic
Determining the likelihood of an event by comparing it to the prototype for the event.
57
Availability Heuristic
Determining the likelihood of an event based on how readily we remember instances of the event.
58
Overconfidence
Confidence > accuracy
59
Exaggerated fear
Opposite of overconfidence.
60
Confirmation bias
Focus only on supporting evidence
61
Belief Perserverance
Clinging to beliefs even if prove false.
62
Framing
How an issue is worded can influence judgement.
63
Belief bias
Beliefs distort logic
64
Hindsight bias
Belief that you could have known an event was coming and changed it.
65
Phoneme
Sound
66
Morpheme
Smallest distinctive sound that has meaning.
67
Babbling stage
1st stage spontaneous phonemes.
68
1 word stage
2nd stage (1 year) Dada, mama, doggy
69
2 word stage
3rd stage (2 years) more food, no dada
70
overgeneralization
Generalize grammar rule so they apply to everything. Broomed vs. swept.
71
Skinner
Reinforcemnt leads to language
72
Chomsky
Born with universal grammar.
73
Whorfirm Hypothhesis
Language shapes thought patterns.
74
Binet
Mental age (can be lower, same, or high than actual age)
75
Terman
Stanford binet scale brought to the U.S
76
Sterm
IQ MA/CA *100 = IQ 68% of pop. lands between 1 st. dev. of the mean (100)
77
Wecshler
Modernized Made a test for children and adults
78
Sternberg
3 part intelligence Analytical: problem solving creative: Creating novel solutions Practical: Adapting to you environment.
79
Spearman
g factor
80
Thurstone and Gardner
multiple intelligences 7-9 logical linguistic musical naturalistic interpersonal intrapersonal kinesthetic spatial
81
Fluid Intelligence
Decreases with age (reaction time, resoning skills)
82
Crystallized intelligance
Grows with age (fact)
83
Flynn effect
Intelligence has increased in the last decade.
84
Standardized
Administered to large group of people under uniform conditions.
85
Reliable
Ability to produce consistent results when administered
86
Split half
Reliable 1st and 2nd half have similar results
87
Test-retest
Reliable Multiple time with the same results
88
Alternate Forms
Reliable Even with different questions the test gets similar pass rates.
89
Vaild
Test measure what it is supposed to
90
Criteron
Valid Using an old test to make a new one
91
Construct
Vaild Success the test predicts the behavior it is supposed to.
92
Content
Valid Extent to which a test samples the desired behavior

Ap Psych (13 decks)

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