Development Flashcards
Easy Temperament
Readily adapt to new experiences
Difficult Temperment
Intense emotions, irritable and fussy
Slow to Warm up Temperment
Low activity level, withdraw from new situations and people
Average Temperment
A little of everything
Low reactive
Tend to be calm and uninhabited and bolder, more sociable.
High reactive
React intensely to new experiences, Tense, fearful
Marry Solter Ainswoth
Strange Situation
- Child dropped off at daycare - how do they react to mother leaving and coming back.
Secure Attachment
Consistent warm responsive caregiver
Insecure attachment
Neglectful inconsistent caregiver.
Imprinting
Certain animals form attachments during critical periods early in life.
Harlow
Cloth vs. wire monkeys
- Contact over food.
Diana Baumrind
Parenting styles
Authoritarian Parenting
Demanding but unresponsive to children’s need or wants
- Absolute set of standards/rules if broken will be punished (usually physical)
Permissive indulgent Parenting
Responsive warm and accepting but sets few rules and there is no punishment.
Permissive indifferent Parenting
Unresponsive, no rules or punishment (border and can be neglect)
Authoritative Parenting
Warm responsive and involved with children.
- Clear standards/ rules —— consistently enforced.
- give and take relationship
Erik Eirkson
Psychosocial Development
Infancy stage conflict
Trust vs. Mistrust
Toddlerhood stage conflict
Autonomy vs. Doubt
Early Childhood stage conflict
Imitative vs. Guilt
Middle/ Late Childhood stage conflict
Industry vs. Inferiority
Adolescence stage conflict
Identity vs. Role confusion
Young Adulthood stage conflict
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Middle Adulthood stage conflict
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Late Adulthood stage conflict
Ego integrity vs. Despair
Kohlberg
Moral Devlopment
Pre conventional Level
0-10
Obedience and Self interests
- Avoid punishment
- Gain reward
Conventional Level
Most people
Law and order and Social Rules
- Gain approval
Post Conventional Level
Rare
Human Rights and Universal human ethics
Jean Piaget
Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor Stage
Explore the World strictly using senses.
Achieve Object permanence to more to next level
Object Permanence
The realization that objects continue to exist even when you can not see it.
Preoperational Stage
2-7
- World revolves around them
- Using symbols to represent the world
once conservation is mastered they move to next stage.
Egocentric
World revolves around me.
Symbolic thought
Using words, images, and symbols to represent the world
Irreversibility
Cannot reverse a sequence of events
3+1 = 4 but doesn’t understand that 1+3 also = 4
Conservation
Objects remain the same even when they change shape.
8oz is 8oz even when but in a tall thin glass or a short fat one.
Concrete Operation Stage
Think more logically but abstract concepts are still hard.
Formal Operational Stage
12- up
Logical
Manipulate object in your mind.
Metacognition
Think about the way we think.
Zone of proximal development
Gap between what children can accomplish on their own and what they can accomplish with help.
Leg Vygotsky
Stages of grief
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
Renee Ballargeon
Against object permanence
Develops sooner then Piaget says.
