Learning Flashcards
Ivan Pavlov
Dogs: Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Involuntary learned response.
Association between 2 stimuli
Equation
NS+UCS = UCR
CS=CR
Acquisition
Initial Learning
Generalization
Stimuli similar = same response
Stimulus Discrimination
Not reacting to similar stimuli
Exinction
Los of Association
Spontaneous Recvoery
After Extinction - reappearance of conditioned response
Higher Order COnditioning
Being conditioned beyond the original stimulus
Simultaneous Conditioning
CS and UCS
Backward Conditioning
UCS before NS
Watson
Little Albert: Association with emotions
Rescarla
We are not stupid animals
Mental process affected conditioning
Garcia
Taste aversions:
NO longer eating a food after food poisonings
Can happen after 1 time.
Law of Effect
Behavior followed by favorable consequence is more likely to be repeated
Operant Conditioning
Active (Voluntary) behavior that produces consequences
Reinforcement
Increases behavior
Positive reinforcement
Response followed by an addition to stimulus
Ex. Getting screen time for good grade
Negative reinforcement
Response followed by a removal of stimulus
Ex. Eating healthy to avoid getting sick.
Punishment
Decreases Behavior
Positive Punishment
Application
Ex. Extra chores
Negative Punishment
Removal
Ex. Loss of privileges’
B.F Skinner
Operant Conditioning
Punishment doesn’t work
Skinner Box: Operant Chamber
Schedules of Reinforcement
Continuous Reinforcement
Rewarded desired behavior every time it happens.
Eventually gets bored.
Partial reinforcement
Gets reward part of the time for desired behavior
Fixed Ratio
After same amount of responses
Ex. Buy 5 subs get 1 free
Fixed Interval
Specified amount of time
Ex. Paid every 2 weeks
Variable Ratio
Varying Responses
Ex. Get Free sub after 5,8,10,4,15,18,2 subs.
Variable Interval
Varying amount of time
Ex. Get deliveries on 5,8,10,19,21,4,7 of each month
Shaping
Rewarding an approximation of a behavior.
Behavior modification
Learning principle to establish more adaptive behavior
Premack principle
Follow undesired behavior with desired consequence
Ex. If you finish your test you can have free time.
Edward Tolman
Coginitive Map
Know how to get places a map
Latent Learning
Learning can occur in absence of reinforcement but not demonstrated until reinforcement occurs.
Learned Helplessness
Exposure to inescapable behavior and uncontrollable aversive events leads to passive behavior.
Instinctive Drift
Going back to instinct after learning
Insight Learning
Learning that just happens and can be replicated if successful.
