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Psychology > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Lab experiment

A

Artificial controlled experiment. The researcher manipulates the IV to see what effect it has on the DV. Strict control on EV’s. Ppts are aware

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2
Q

Field experiment

A

More natural environment. Researcher manipulates IV to see the effect on the DV. Ppts don’t know

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3
Q

Natural experiment

A

IV = SETTING. everyday environment. IV is naturally occurring + in a natural environment

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4
Q

Quasi experiment

A

IV = PERSON. IV based on natural existing difference between people. Researcher doesn’t manipulate IV. Ppts can’t be randomly allocated

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5
Q

Standardised procedure

A

The process in which procedures used in research are kept the same

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6
Q

Ecological validity

A

Generalise results to another setting

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7
Q

Mundane realism

A

How the task is representative to every day life

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8
Q

Demand characteristics

A

Ppts work out the aim of the study from environment - change behaviour as a result. ‘Please you’-effects- ‘Screw you’

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9
Q

Direction hypothesis

A

Ppts who [IV1] will have higher/lower [DV] than ppts who [IV2]

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10
Q

Non-direction hypothesis

A

There will be a difference [DV] for ppts in [IV1] compared to [IV2]

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11
Q

Null hypothesis

A

No difference in [DV] for ppts in [IV1] compared to [IV2]

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12
Q

Experimental designs

A

How we use ppts

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13
Q

Independent groups design

A

Ppts take part in 1 condition only and 1 group only

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14
Q

How are ppts randomly allocated

A

‘Lottery method’ + ‘random name generator’

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15
Q

Repeated measures design

A

Ppts do both both conditions

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16
Q

Matched pairs design

A

Each ppt take part in 1 condition but ppts are matched on relevant considered variables — to match them you give out questionnaires then use random allocation

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17
Q

Aim

A

General expression of what the research intends to investigate

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18
Q

Independent variable

A

What you change in the experiment

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19
Q

Dependent variable

A

The measurable data in the experiment

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20
Q

Extraneous variable

A

The other parts that may lead to dependent variable changing therefore needs to be controlled

21
Q

Hypothesis

A

Precise, testable statement of what the researchers predict will be the outcome of the study

22
Q

Operationalisation

A

Making your hypothesis measureable and testable

23
Q

Relationship between control and realism experiments

A

High control means low realism + vice versa

24
Q

Cyclical process

A

Idea that research should start in a lab where we can establish cause+effect and test the results in the real world

25
Q

Experimental realism

A

The extent to which the experiment is psychologically impacted and feels real

26
Q

Confounding variables

A

Variables apart from the IV that have affected the DV

27
Q

Uncontrolled variables

A

Variables that can’t be controlled e.g. weather. They’ll become confounding variables

28
Q

experimental group

A

the group exposed to the IV

29
Q

control group

A

not exposed to the IV and used as a comparison

30
Q

independent groups design

A

when people only take part in one condition

31
Q

situational confounding variable

A

feautures of the experimental situation that has affected the DV

32
Q

participant confounding variable

A

able to do with differences between the ppts

33
Q

randomisation

A

Any stimuli is an exp is presented in a random manner manner no effect on DV

34
Q

single blind test

A

not letting ppts know which condition they are in

35
Q

double blind test

A

neither ppt or researcher knows what condition they are in/doing

36
Q

investigator effects

A

where a researcher acts in a way to support their prediction

37
Q

target population

A

the group of people the researcher wants to study

38
Q

sample

A

a small group of people who present the target population

39
Q

random sampling

A

a sample technique in which every member of the target population has an equal chance of being chosen

40
Q

sampling frame

A

a complete list of all members of the target population is obtained

41
Q

opportunity sampling

A

a technique that involves recruiting anyone who happens to be available at the time of your study

42
Q

volunteer sampling

A

people actively volunteer to be in a study by responding to a request which has been advertised by researcher

43
Q

systematic sampling

A

involves selecting names from sampling frame at regular intervals

44
Q

stratified sampling

A

ppts selected from sub groups. it is in proportion to subgroups frequency in the population

45
Q

internal validity

A

refers to the extent to which a study establishes a cause and effect relationship between the IV and the DV

46
Q

external validity

A

refers to the extent the results can be generalised to other settings

47
Q

construct validity

A

degree to which a test measures what it claims to be measuring

48
Q

concurrent validity

A

asks whether a measure is in agreement with a pre existing measure that is validated to test for the same concept correlating measures against each other

49
Q

predictive validity

A

the degree to which a test accurately predicts a criterion that will occur in the future

Psychology (19 decks)

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