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psychology > research method (mocks) > Flashcards

research method (mocks) Flashcards

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1
Q

define reliability

A

refers to how consistent a measuring device is and this includes psychological test or observations which assess behavior

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2
Q

what are the two ways assessing reliability

A
  1. test retest

2. inter-observer reliability

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3
Q

test - retest

A

same test again at a later point to the same
applied questionnaires and interviews
test reliability with correlation
- allow enough time to for participants to forget their answers

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4
Q

inter-observe

A

two observers look at same participant behavior
behavioral categories - observation
inter - rater reliability
- trained observers

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5
Q

when would you use chi-squared as a statistical test

A
  1. nominal, unrelated, difference

2. nominal, correlation

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6
Q

sign test

A

nominal - related difference

  1. calculate number of + and -
  2. remove = from total (s)
  3. use smaller number - calculated value
  4. n - participant number - use on chart
  5. chart number is critical value
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7
Q

how to remember if the critical value should be bigger for a significant

A

R = greater

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8
Q

manwhitney

A

ordinal - unrelated

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9
Q

wilcoxson

A

ordinal - related

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10
Q

unrelated t- test

A

interval - unrelated

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11
Q

related t- test

A

related - interval

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12
Q

nominal

A

frequency

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13
Q

ordinal

A

rank

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14
Q

interval

A

scale

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15
Q

what are the 3 aims of a peer review

A
  1. to allocate research funding
  2. suggest amendments/improvements
  3. validate quality and relevance of research
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16
Q

define a peer review

A

is the assessment of scientific work by others specialists in the same field, to ensure that any research intended for publication is of high quality.

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17
Q

referencing - journal

A

Journal:

author, data, article title, journal name (in italics), volume, page number.

18
Q

referencing; book

A

Books:

author, date, book title, place of publication.

19
Q

referencing ; web

A

Web references:

source, data, title, weblink, data accessed.

20
Q

Independent variable

A

some aspect of the experimental situation that is manipulated by the researcher so the effect on the DV can be measured

21
Q

dependent variable

A

the variable that is measured by the researcher. any effect should be caused by the change in the IV

22
Q

define a hypothesis

A

a clear, precise and testable statement that states the relationship between the variables to be investigated. states an outset of any study
directional hypothesis - states the directional of the difference or relationship

23
Q

experimental design

A

independent group
repeated measures
matched pairs.

24
Q

independent groups

A

participants are allocated to different groups were each group represents one experimental condition.
weakness = confounding variable - deal with random allocation
strength = no order effect like repeated measures
weakness = less economical - double participant, time and money

25
Q

repeated measures

A

all participant take part in all conditions of the experiment
weakness = order effect - solved with counterbalancing
strength = participant variable - leading high validity
weakness = demand characteristics

26
Q

matched pairs

A

pairs of participants are first match on some variables that may affect the dependent variable. the each member of the pair is assigned to a experimental condition
weakness = time consuming and expensive
strength = no participant variable or order effects - never exact match though

27
Q

6 types of validity

A 
internal validity 
external validity 
concurrent validity 
temporal validity 
ecological validity 
face validity
28
Q

face validity

A

a basic form of validity in which a measure is scrutinized to determine if it appear to measure what it attended to measure.

29
Q

concurrent validity

A

the extent to which a psychological measure relates to an existing similar measure

30
Q

ecological validity

A

the extent to which the finding from a research study can be generalized to another setting or situation

31
Q

temporal validity

A

the extent to which findings from a research study can be generalized to other historical time and eras

32
Q

case studies

A

an in-depth investigation, description, and analysis of an individual, group or event.
produce qualitative data and longitudinal
+ rich, in-depth data collected
- limited generalization

33
Q

questionnaire

A

a set of written questions used to access a persons thought or/and experiences
open question = qualitative closed questions = quantitively
+ cost effective
+easy to analysis data = time efficient
- demand characteristic and social desirable bias
- response bias = scale

34
Q

type of sampling

A
  1. random sampling
  2. systematic sampling
  3. stratified sampling
  4. opportunity sampling
  5. volunteer sampling
35
Q

random sampling

A

members of the target population = lottery method
+ potential unbias
- difficult and time consuming
- still unrepresentative
- volunteer bias - participant refuse to take part

36
Q

systematic sampling

A

members of the target population = nth member - sampling frame (alphabetic)
+ representative
- a complete target population is impossible

37
Q

stratified sample

A

a sample that composts of participants that reflect the population and certain subgroups (%)
+ representative

38
Q

opportunity sampling

A

select those who are willing and available
+ convenient, time and cost efficient
- unrepresentative
- researcher bias

39
Q

volunteer sample

A

participant = self selection, advertise experiment
+ convenient and time efficient
- volunteer bias

40
Q

define generalisation

A

the tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli.

psychology (16 decks)

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