Research Designs

Question 1

What are the eight (8) research design types?
1) h
2) d
3) t s
4) c s
5) c
6) c c
7) t ex
8) q ex

Answer 1

*Historical
*Descriptive
*Developmental/Time Series
*Case Study
*Correlational
*Causal Comparative
*True Experimental
*Quasi-Experimental

Question 2

These allow researchers to systematically and objectively reconstruct the past

Information/records/secondary data are collected, evaluated, verified,
and synthesized to establish facts

intervening factors should also be included, mainly because all relevant information relating to the purpose of the research should be considered. These obtained facts are used to support the researcher’s hypotheses

which research design type is this?

Answer 2

Historical design

Question 3

These focus on the description of facts and characteristics of a given population,
issue, policy, or any given area of interest in a systematic and accurate manner

Can also use secondary data/records – in fact, much historical research is descriptive

Descriptive studies have the potential to identify insights not recognized in prior research, as well as lead to lead to inferential research

Inferential research generalizes findings from a sample back to the population from which it was drawn

Which type of research design is this?

Answer 3

Descriptive

Question 4

Allows for an intensive study of a particular issue, policy, or group within its social context at a given point in time (even though that period of time may be expansive)

Case studies tend to focus on a particular/specific phenomena EXAMPLE:
Supreme Court Jurisprudence and School Shooting Threats article

They can be longitudinal if one is observing repeated cases over some period of time

There are three main elements in this design
* Qualitative/quantitative descriptions of variables over time
* Provides context where researchers can observe change in variables
* Can be used for instrument development and instrument reliability testing

Answer 4

Case studies

Question 5

Examines relationships from a cause-effect perspective
* Observe existing outcomes or consequences and then search back through the data to identify plausible causal factors

• Essentially, the idea is that some event you are interested in occurs. After the fact, you go back and look for both independent and dependent variables that appropriately explain the event you observed.
• In a sense, causal-comparative is sort of a retrospective approach to research design

Which design type is this?

Answer 5

casual-comparative design

Question 6

Fairly simple design
* Researcher assesses the relationship between one variable and another to determine the strength and directionality of that association

• In this design, the focus is on the variation occurring in one variable and how that corresponds to the potential variation in another variable
• Depending on what level of measurement your variable is (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio), you will employ different correlational statistics to make associational determinations. EXAMPLE: PPH data article.

Answer 6

correlational design

Question 7

These designs allow researchers to investigate patterns and events, growth, or change over a specific amount of time. There are several types that generally fall under this umbrella

Answer 7

time series

Question 8

When you hear “Randomized Controlled Trial,” this is it
* There are many different types of true experimental designs a researcher could use…
* Allows for the investigation of potential cause-effect relationships
* One or more experimental groups are exposed to one or more treatments while none,
one, or more control groups are also accounted for
* The outcomes of all groups in the study are then compared to determine whether the
intervention or treatment had a substantive and/or significant effect on the treated
group as compared to the control

Answer 8

True experimental design

Question 9

Allows for the approximation of conditions similar to the true experiment

• Quasi-experimental designs can use samples which are
  randomly drawn from some population, but they typically do not employ random assignment of those participants to
  control and experimental groups
• The lack of random assignment in quasi-experiments creates validity issues which makes it harder to estimate the
  treatment effect

Answer 9

quasi-experimental design

Question 10

five (5) different types of time series design:

Answer 10

Cross-sectional
Longitudinal
Trend
Cohort
Panel