Research Design & Stats

Question 1

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Answer 1

higher mental processes can be studies using experimental psychology; studied memory using nonsense syllables

Question 2

Oswald Kulpe

Answer 2

there can be imageless thought

Question 3

James Cattell

Answer 3

introduced mental testing to the US

Question 4

Binet

Answer 4

mental age; intelligence testing of French children to determine intellectually disabled children

Question 5

Stern

Answer 5

mental age to chronological age (IQ)

Question 6

Lewis Terman

Answer 6

revised Binet-Simon test for US –> Stanford-Binet Intelligence test

Question 7

stratified random sampling

Answer 7

technique of recruiting participants where each subgroup of the population is randomly sampled in proportion to its size

Question 8

standard deviation

Answer 8

“average” scatter away from the mean (also square root of the variance)

Question 9

variance

Answer 9

the square of the standard deviation

Question 10

What percentages are at 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations in a normal distribution?

Answer 10

68% of scores fall within 1 SD, 96% fall within 2 SDs. and 4% fall beyond 2 SDs

Question 11

z-score

Answer 11

indicates the number of standard deviations your score is away from the mean

Question 12

If you have a distribution of z-scores, what is the mean and what is the standard deviation?

Answer 12

mean is 0 and SD is 1

Question 13

T-score distribution’s mean and SD

Answer 13

mean is 50 and SD is 10

Question 14

Type I error

Answer 14

Rejecting a true null hypothesis (saying that there is an effect when there isn’t one)

Question 15

Type II error

Answer 15

Failing to reject a false null hypothesis (saying that there isn’t an effect when there actually is one)

Question 16

beta

Answer 16

probability of making a Type II error

Question 17

ANOVA

Answer 17

compares between-group variance (numerator) to within-group variance (denominator) in the F ratio

Question 18

norm-referenced interpretation

Answer 18

assessing a person’s performance by how they did compared to others

Question 19

domain-referenced interpretation

Answer 19

also called criterion-referenced testing - what does the test take know about a specific content domain?

Question 20

reliability

Answer 20

consistency with which a test measures whatever it is that the test measures; degree to which measures are dependable, reproducible, and consistent

Question 21

standard error of measurement

Answer 21

index of how much on average we expect a person’s observed score to vary from the score the person is capable of received based on actual ability (the smaller SEM the better)

Question 22

methods of establishing reliability of test

Answer 22

(1) test-retest
(2) alternate-form method (two different forms of a test taken at two different times)
(3) split-half reliability (test divided into equal halves where scores for each are correlated with each other; want high positive correlation)

Question 23

content validity

Answer 23

a test’s coverage of a particular area that it is supposed to measure

Question 24

face validity

Answer 24

whether or not the test items appear to measure what they are supposed to measure

Question 25

criterion validity

Answer 25

how well the test can predict an individual's performance on an established test of a skill or knowledge area

Question 26

predictive validity

Answer 26

test used to predict future performance

Question 27

concurrent validity

Answer 27

"Does a written driving test indicate performance on the subsequent road test?"

Question 28

cross validation

Answer 28

testing criterion validity of a test on a second sample after demonstrating validity with first sample

Question 29

construct validity

Answer 29

how well performance on the test fits into the theoretical framework related to what it is you want the test to measure

Question 30

convergent validity

Answer 30

if two constructs are related (e.g. intelligence and empathy) then people who score high on test of one construct should also score high on test of the other

Question 31

discriminant validity

Answer 31

extent that performance on test is related to other variables that theory predicts the test performance should not be related to

Question 32

mathematical operations for ratio scales and interval scales

Answer 32

multiplication and division for ratio only; addition and subtraction for ratio and interval

Question 33

deviation IQ

Answer 33

indicates how well a person performed on an IQ test relative to their same age peers

Question 34

MMPI is used for what?

Answer 34

assessment of various clinical disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia

Question 35

Hathaway and McKinley

Answer 35

MMPI; empirical criterion-keying approach

Question 36

Morgan and Murray

Answer 36

Thematic Apperception Test

Question 37

Blacky pictures

Answer 37

projective test for children with 12 pictures of a dog - child asked to tell stories about each picture

Question 38

Barnum effect

Answer 38

tendency of people to accept and approve of the interpretation of their personality that you give them

Question 39

calculation of z-score

Answer 39

(your score minus the mean)/(standard deviation)