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Psychology GRE > Research Design, Statistics, Tests, and Measurements > Flashcards

Research Design, Statistics, Tests, and Measurements Flashcards

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1
Q

William Wundt

A

1879 first psychology lab

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2
Q

Hermann Ebbinhaus

A

higher mental processes could be studied using experimental methodology - memory with nonsense syllables

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3
Q

Oswald Kulpe

A

strongly believed you could have imagelsess thought, against Wundt

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4
Q

Cattell

A

introduced mental testing

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5
Q

Binet-Simon Test

A

1905 - assess intelligence in French school children

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6
Q

Binet

A

mental age

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7
Q

William Stern

A

equation to compare mental age to chronological age - intelligence quotient

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8
Q

Stanford -Binet Intelligence test

A

revised by Lewis Terman in 1916 from hte Binet-Simon test for use int eh United States

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9
Q

Operational definition

A

state how the researcher will measure the variables

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10
Q

Correlational Study

A

IV not manipulated

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11
Q

True Experiment

A

random assignment and manipulated IV

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12
Q

Quasi-experimental design

A

no random assignment, manipulated IV

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13
Q

Nonequivalent Group Design

A

control group is not necessarily similar to the experimental group since the researcher doesn’t use random assignment - common in educational research

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14
Q

Demand characteristics

A

any cues that suggest to subjects what the research erxpects from thm

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15
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

tendency of people to behave differently if they know that they are being observed - control group design helps with this since both groups are watched

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16
Q

descriptive statistics

A

organizing, describing, quantifying and usmmarizing a collection of actual observations

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17
Q

inferential statistics

A

researchers generalize beyond actual observations - making an inference from the sample involved in teh research to the population of interest

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18
Q

measures of central tendency

A

mean, median, and mode

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19
Q

measures of variability

A

range, standard deviation, and variance

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20
Q

Normal Curve

A

68, 96, 100 approx

21
Q

Type I Error

A

Null is true, null is rejected

22
Q

Type II Error

A

Null is false, accept null

23
Q

Beta

A

probability of making a type two error

24
Q

Chi-Square

A

tests the equality of two frequencies or proportions, categorical data

25
Q

ANOVAs

A

how much group means differ frome ach other by comparing the between-group variance to the within-group variance F = between group / within group

26
Q

Domain-referenced testing/criterion-referenced testing

A

concerned with teh quetsion of what the test taker knows about a specified content domain, ex. driver’s license = what’s important is the content not in relation to tohers

27
Q

Split-Half Reliability

A

test-takers take only one test, but that one test is divided into equal halves, scores on one half are correlated with the scores on teh other half - >=.8 correlation is a high level

28
Q

Content Validity

A

tes’ts coverage of a particular skill or knowledge area - asks the right quetsions

29
Q

Face validity

A

whether or not the test items appear to measure what they are suposed to measure

30
Q

Criterion validity

A

how well the test can predict an individual’s performance on an establisehd test of the same skil or knowlege area

31
Q

Cross validation

A

testing the criterion validity of a test on a second sample after you demonstrated validity using an initial sample

32
Q

Construct validity

A

how well performance on the test fits into the theoretical framework related to what it is you want the test to measure - using convergent and discriminate validity

33
Q

Nominal Scale/Categorical

A

labels observations so that they can be categorized, girl-boy

34
Q

Ordinal Scale

A

ranked in terms of size or magnitude, highest score on spelling test

35
Q

Interval Scale

A

uses actual numbers, not ranks, number correct on a spelling test

36
Q

Ratio Scaling

A

a true zero that indicates the total absence of the quantity being measured, not temperature - can use multiplication and division as well as addition and subtraction

37
Q

aptitude tests

A

predict what one can accomplish through training, predict future preformance

38
Q

achievement tests

A

assess what one knows already or can do now

39
Q

ability tests

A

test problem solving ability

40
Q

Ratio IQ

A

mental age/chornological age * 100, meaning IQ drops just because age increases at certain point

41
Q

Deviation IQ

A

indicates how well a person performed on an IQ test relative to her/his same-age peers

42
Q

Empirical Criterion-Keying Approach

A

tested thousands o fquestions and retained those that differentiated between paitent and nonpatient populations, Hathaaway and McKinley for MMPI

43
Q

Projective Tests

A

stimuli are relatively ambiguous,asked to interpret rather than multiple choice - scoring is subjectie

44
Q

Blacky Pictures

A

Projective test for children, dog for each psychosexual stage

45
Q

Thematic Apperception Test

A

ambiguous scenes, projective test

46
Q

Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank

A

Perception Test

47
Q

Barnum Effect

A

tendency of peopel to accept and approve of the interpretation of their personality that you give them

48
Q

Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory

A

organized like personality inventory, using empirical criterion keying approach, RIASEC sysetm

49
Q

z score

A

your score over hte mean/standard deviation

Psychology GRE (8 decks)

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