Research articles

Question 1

A randomized controlled trial of the effects of nursing care based on Watson’s Theory of Human Caring on distress, self-efficacy and adjustment in infertile women

Answer 1

• Quantitative research*:
  1. Researchers studied the effects of nursing care based on the Theory of Human Caring (Jean Watson) on distress caused by infertility, perceived self-efficacy and adjustment levels.
  2. Those who received the intervention had improved scores in all three categories; there was no change in the control group.

Question 2

Infertility article - research design

Answer 2

Randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Question 3

Infertility article - data collection

Answer 3

1. Sociodemographic data form.
2. Pretest and posttest measures.
3. The Infertility Distress Scale; the Turkish-Infertility Self Efficacy Scale Short Form; the Turkish-Fertility Adjustment Scale.

Question 4

Infertility article - data analysis

Answer 4

1. Dependent 𝑡-test - compared scores from one group with scores from another group.
2. Chi-square tests.
3. Intention-to-treat analyses.

Question 5

Infertility article - sample

Answer 5

105 Turkish women, with 52 in the intervention group and 53 in the control group.

Question 6

Infertility article - statistics used for the demographic characteristics

Answer 6

Descriptive statistics, specifically percentages.

Question 7

The inner door: Toward an understanding of suicidal patients

Answer 7

Qualitative research - ethnography.

Question 8

Suicide (ethnography) article - research approach

Answer 8

Two years of participant observation in a psychiatric medical care center in Taiwan. Interviews were also used. Purpose was to understand how nurses resolve their suicide care dilemmas. The “inner door” was a conceptualization of how nurses either embraced or distanced themselves from suicidal patients.

Question 9

Bullying in the nursing profession

Answer 9

Qualitative research - grounded theory.
3-year study that explored nursing students’ self-esteem and how their experiences of preregistration education influenced its development.

Question 10

Bullying (grounded theory) article - research approach

Answer 10

Unstructured qualitative interviews at the beginning and end of the 3-year program; a grounded theory approach was used for data collection and analysis. Approach was chosen because grounded theory focuses on description and the generation of theory; focuses on the concerns of those involved rather than the concerns of the researcher.

Question 11

Bullying (grounded theory) article - basic findings

Answer 11

Bullying was found to be a commonplace occurrence that negatively impacted students’ self-esteem. Nurses had power over students as well as over patients. Students internalized this behavior and became bullies themselves.

Question 12

Nurses’ Participation in the Euthanasia Programs of Nazi Germany

Answer 12

Qualitative research - historical.

Question 13

Finding the New Normal: Accepting Changes After Combat-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Answer 13

Qualitative research - grounded theory.
Explored family reintegration experiences, as described by married dyads, following a combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Question 14

mTBI article - research approach

Answer 14

Face-to-face, semistructured interviews were used; a grounded theory approach was applied.

Question 15

mTBI article - basic findings

Answer 15

Overarching theme was finding the “new normal” related to changes and mismatched expectations associated with the mTBI.

Question 16

Surviving Ebola: Understanding experience through artistic expression

Answer 16

Qualitative research - phenomenology.
Participants made drawings and gave interviews to describe their experiences about being survivors of Ebola. Phenomenology was used to analyze the data.

Question 17

Ebola article - research approach

Answer 17

Phenomenology. This approach was chosen because the researchers wanted others to understand the experience of surviving Ebola; drawings were used as representations of collective reflection and an expression of meaning.

Question 18

Ebola article - basic findings

Answer 18

Drawings were used to analyze the participants’ “relationship” with the Ebola virus or life-threatening illness in general. Four categories emerged: Escape in peaceful awareness; hope for a world outside of fear; persistence in defying death; constant fear of dying.