Research Flashcards
it follows certain steps
systematic research
every steps of investigation are planned
controlled research
Evidence is on hand, there is confidence in the result (To see is to believe)
empirical research
an attempt to gain answer to questions and solutions to the problem, gain solution of the problem
investigation research
what type of study design that has only an experimental research?
Quantitative
Research design
Methodology
soft science*
qualitative
hard science*
quantitative
1st nursing work of florence nightingale
nursing notes
14 basic needs by?
virginia hendersons
is is a systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena
research
research for the sake of knowledge, no application
Pure
research for findings a solution to a problem
applied
data collected at one period of time
cross sectional
data collected ate multiple period of time
longitudinal
data express inn narratives
qualitative
data express in numerals
quantitative
a problem solving approach to clinical decision making that incorporates a search for the best and latest evidence, clinical expertise and assessment, and patient preference and values within a content of caring
a process that incorporates credible evidence to health care services increasing client’s confidence
evidence practice
GENERATES evidence for clinical practice to improve patient outcomes
Research
APPLIED evidence in clinical practice to improve patient
EBP
use of evidence typically Based on a single study
Research utilization
use of Synthesis of evidence from multiple studies and combines it with expertise of the practitioner as well as a patient preference and values
EBP
generated from rigorous RESEARCH
External EBP
generated from practice initiatives
Internal EBP
ULTIMATE GOAL OF EBP
To improve patient outcomes by improving quality of health care
OBSTACLES IN TRANSITION
*tradition/ resistance to change
*lack of time
*lack of funds
*rigid policies
7 steps in EBP
Absorb, Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Assess, Allocate
Cultivate a culture of inquiry (i.e., a consistently questioning attitude toward practice) so that clinicians are comfortable with and excited about asking questions regarding their patients’ care. Inculcate curiosity
Absorb
how to develop EBP question?
PICOT
*population- for whom is the research study
*intervention-Is there a procedure?
*comparison-Is there a means of comparison?
*outcome-What are the probable results?
*time- What is the time frame?
Gather data related to the problem./ Gather evidence
Acquire
Check for clinical applicability or feasibility before choosing the evidence to be applied.
EX. evaluation
Appraise
THREE DOMAINS FOR APPRAISAL
quality, quantity, consistency
the extent which study design conduct, and analysis have minimized selection, measurement, and cofounding basis
Quality
the number of studies that have evaluated the clinical issue, overall sample size across all studies, magnitude assessment for intervention such as risk or odds ratio
Quantity
whether investigations with both similar and different study designs report similar
consistency
Apply findings to actual nursing practice. Start with applying the evidence to one’s own patient’s nursing care plan.
Apply
Evaluating changes on a small scale before moving to widespread implementation *
PILOT TESTING
Evaluate the results of the application of the EBP.
Assess
Disseminating the outcomes of the EBP change
Allocate
Develop EBP question
Ask
Rights of a research participant*
Right to full disclosure
Right to informed consent
Right to anonymity
Right to confidentiality
Right not to be exposed from any type of harm
Making up new data to get favorable results
Fabrication
Tampering by modifying the results
Falsification
Owning other people’s work
Plagiarism
Person contributing information
STUDY PARTICIPANT
Person undertaking the study
RESEARCHER
A person, place, event or object that is not fully understood and hence sometimes does not have a name
PHENOMENON
An attribute of the participant that is likely to cause or show changes
VARIABLE
the person directing the investigation
principal investigator (PI).
two or three researchers collaborating equally
co-investigators.
when specialized expertise is needed on a short-term basis
consultants
Identification of problem
Review of related literature
Construction of a framework
Formulate the hypothesis
Conceptual Phase
Select the research design
Select the sample
Planning and Design phase
Collect the data
Empirical Phase
Analyze & interpret data
ANALYTIC PHASE
Write the research report
Communicate results
DISSEMINATION PHASE
BQ: What is the longest phase in research process?
Conceptual phase
which agency of our government set for research?
DOST
WHAT CHAPTER IS INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
WHAT CHAPTER IS THE REVIEW OF LITERATURE?
CHAPTER 2
WHAT CHAPTER IS THE METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 3
WHAT CHAPTER IS THE FINDINGS AND RESULTS
CHAPTER 4
WHAT CHAPTER IS THE CONCLUSIONS, GENERALIZATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS?
CHAPTER 5
Maximum of how many substantive words in writing the title of the study?
20
is an area of concern in which there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing practice
research problem
is generated from the problem and identifies the specific goal of the study
research purpose
where and when the study was conducted and who the participants were. sets the boundaries of the study
scope
are the weakness and shortcomings of the study as acknowledged by the researcher
limitations
it is a systematic and critical appraisal of the most important literature on a topic, Helps to lay the foundation for a study, Can also inspire new research ideas
Review of the literature
An actual research study. material written by the person who conducted the stduy
Primary source
A review of a research study made by another researcher
Secondary source
Tool used to bring researcher to website of information
search engines
Actual websites that contain the information
Data base
CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature)
MEDLINE® (Medical Literature On-Line)
Electronic Literature Searches
journals and periodicals, books, dissertations, publications of professional organizations, and government documents.
Print Resources
is a recap of the important information found in the literature. This is what is usually seen in an abstract
Summary
is a re-organization, or a reshuffling of information to:
1. Give a new interpretation of old materials
2. Combine new with old interpretations
3. Trace the intellectual progression of the field including major debates.
synthesis
It is the abstract, logical structure of meaning that guides the development of the study and enables the researcher to link the findings to nursing’s body of knowledge.
It is the conceptual underpinnings of a study.
framework
based on theories
Theoretical Framework
rooted on specific concepts or conceptual model
conceptual framework
dictionary-based
provides a variable with connotative meaning
tells what the concept means. Is BROAD AND ABSTRACT
conceptual definition
functional definition
description of how variables or concepts will be measured or manipulated in the study. is NARROW AND COMPLETE
Operational definition
what is the basis of the research
purpose
BQ: hoe many range of meds losing abstract
150-250 words/ 1 page
A tentative, declarative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
It gives the researcher and the consumer a direction in conducting or appreciating the study.
Hypothesis
Which type of study uses a hypothesis? Qualitative or quantitative?
only QUANTITATIVE uses the study
an attribute of a person or object that varies, that is, takes on different values. It is anything that is liable to change or likely to vary
Variable
It is the cause, manipulated predictor and variable X
independent variable
it is the effect, consequence, criterion or Variable Y
Dependent variable
Practice Questions: Combination of a head-of-bed position elevated to at least 30 degrees and use of a small-bowel feeding site can reduce the incidence of aspiration and aspiration-related pneumonia dramatically in critically ill, tube-fed patients.
TP: critically ill, tube-fed patients
IV: head-of-bed position elevated to at least 30 degrees and use of a small-bowel feeding site
DV: incidence of aspiration and aspiration-related pneumonia
Practice questions. Improve hand hygiene compliance in primary healthcare after theoretical-practical workshop on hand sanitation.
TP: primary healthcare
IV: theoretical-practical workshop on hand sanitation.
DV: hand hygiene compliance
practice questions: There were no significant differences in the prevalence’s of HIV infection and structural intervention on increasing condom availability and reducing risk sexual behaviors in gay bathhouse attendees at the six-month follow-up
TP: gay bathhouse attendees
IV: structural intervention on increasing condom availability and reducing risk sexual behaviors
DV: prevalence’s of HIV infection
Decrease sexual behavior’s among gay bathhouse attendees after structural intervention for two (2) months.
TP: gay bathhouse attendees
IV: structural intervention
DV: sexual behavior
DV after IV
The core competency support program has a relationship with depression and suicidal ideation for adolescents.
TP: adolescents
IV: core competency support program
DV: depression and suicidal ideation
is a statement of a no relationship, no difference, no effect or no interaction. It is tested with statistics.
Null hypothesis
specifies the direction of the relationship.
Directional
only specifies that there is a relationship
non- directional
has one independent and one dependent variable (1 IV: 1 DV).
Simple Hypothesis
has two or more independent and dependent variables
Complex hypothesis
it is emic/ insiders view, inductive from specific to general, naturalistic, small sample typical
Qualitative
Etic/outsidersview, Deductive-from general to specific, Positivist (reality exist) Larder sample method
Quantitative
focuses on the meaning of lived experiences of humans.
Phenomenological
involves the description and interpretation of cultural behavior. evolves a culture that guides the members’ view of the world
Ethnographic Study
discovers what problems exist in a social scene and the process persons use to handle .The manner in which people resolve this main concern is called the core variable.
Grounded theory
systematic collection, critical evaluation, and interpretation of data relating to past occurrences
historical
in-depth investigations of a single entity (or small number of entities), which could be an individual, family, group, institution, community, or other social unit.
case study
