leadership Flashcards
uses in crisis or emergency
autocratic
stable ward
democratic
expert staff
laissez faire
vital to success or the organization, provides direction and is a learned behavior
leader
ability to make the people follow
influence
ability to influence people despite their resistance
power
derived from politics and hierarchy (ranking), the higher the position the higher the position
positional power
derived from charisma and unique SKA. the unique SKA the more powerful
Personal power
person has a position
legitimate power or also called authoritative power
has a 5 years experience, person has a unique SKA and personal power
expert also called a mentor
(+) reinforcement, person has ability to fulfill people wishes
reward power
what type of reward does the nurse accepted
salary SD15
person source out power from fear, strict, altruistic, common use of disciplining
coercive power
power via associating with someone powerful, power obtained by showing a good example
referent
why nurses need to study about leadership?*
DESTINY
“LEADERS ARE BORN NOT MADE”
GREAT MAN THEORY BY ARISTOTLE- obsolete theory
“LEADERS SHOULD POSSESS A SPECIFIC SET OF CHARACTERISTICS”
TRAIT THEORY -obsolete beliefe
“LEADERS SHOULD FULFILL PEOPLES NEEDS”
TRANSACTIONAL THEORY
“LEADERS SHOULD BE AGENTS OF CHANGE”
TRANSFORMATIONAL THEORY
Made the Managerial Grid that focus in people and output
Black & Mouton
increased peoples focus and decreased output
country club
increased both people and output
team approach
decreased both people and output
impoverished
decreased people and increased output
produce or perish
what are the 3 leadership style of Kurt Lewins
Autocratic, Democratic, laissezfaire
Dictatorial, authoritative, decides all by himself, responsible alone, decreased of staff, increased of level of leader control, increased output
Autocratic
Participative, collaborative, consultative, decides with others, responsible with the group, medium freedom, medium control, increased quality
democratic
permissive, ultraliberal, “let others do”, let others decide, others become responsible or no one at all, increased freedom of staff, decreased leader control
Laissez faire
member of the group are well directed an cooperative with each other
cohesive
power can emanate from position or personality, may or may not have a position, focus on peoples welfare, inspirational (more popular), thinks outside the box, eyes on the horizon
leader
power emanates from positional source only, requires a position/tittle, focused on the output, aspirational (more successful), thinks within the box(planner) eyes on the box
manager
getting the cooperation, of a group of people to achieve a common goal, solidarity, and unity
management
who made the 14 principle of management?
Henry Fayol
right to command and has a direction
authority
putting others needs above one’s own, altruism, selflessness, has a common goal and a follower
subordinate
team spirit, camaraderie /pride in belonging to ones group, good relationship of the people, solidarity*
Esprit de corps
putting task in proper sequence
order/ pattern
self motivation
initiative
self control, follows rules and set boundaries
discipline
absence of treat to the employment, against turnover-elimination of staff (understaffing)
stability of tenure
one common goal
unity of direction
one common authority or instruction*
unity of command
source of motivation
remuneration/ salary
fair and equal treatment, principle of justice, fights against nepotism
equity
distribution of authority, top of decision making
centralization and decentralization
chain of command, pass through certain people before the head
scalar chain
delegation “no man is an island”
division of labor
brain of the management, goal setting*
planning
group of people, backbone of the management
organizing
delegation of the task, heart of the organizing
direct
standard, conscience of management
control
driving force or management; motivation of the management; deciding in advance (what, who, how)
planning
do something ahead of time before there is something to be happened
proactive
the 14 principle of management of henry fayol
- authority
- subordinates
- espirit de corps
4.order - initiative
- discipline
- stability of tenure
- unity of direction
- unity of command
- remuneration
- equity
- centralization/ decentralization
- scalar chain
- division of labor
5 characteristics of a good plan
- proactive
- dynamic/flexible
- foresight/ prediction
- decreasing the element of change
- success yielding
provide direction to the organization, top level management, long-term, planning of hierarchy
strategic planning
to guide daily activities, lower level management, short term/ annual, inventory/ keeping on track, rotation of duty, audit
operational planning
in SWOT technique what is the positive internal
strength
in SWOT technique what is the negative internal
weakness
in SWOT technique what is the positive external
opportunity
in SWOT technique what is the negative external
threat
it is promote the strength, prevent the weakness, grab the opportunity and eliminate the threat
establish priorities for the organization
formulation of statements that will provide direction of the organization
perform the planning hierarchy
the reason why org exist
mission
the future status of the org
vission
beliefs basis of decision making
philosophy/ core values
statement of action basis mission
goals
basis of goals in specific of action (SMART)
objective
application of objectives
policies
application of policies
rules and regulation
Best way to distribute the plan to the lower level of the hierarchy
memorandom
best way to evaluate understanding of the plan
open forum
proper allocation of resources, promotes equity*
budgeting also known as fiscal planning/ financial planning
investment of MAJOR and LONGTERM INVESTMENT
Capital Budgeting
Salary wages and benefits
Personel budget or manpower
daily usage of budget
operational budget
BQ among the 3 components of budgeting what is the labor intensive unit
personel budget/ manpower
is a type of budgeting style of increasing, progressive form of budgeting style based on inflation rate
incremental budgeting
is a type of budgeting style to justify allocations/ start 0
zero based budgeting
type of budgeting style to self destruct upon reaching its limits
sunset budgeting
it is one of the priority of budgeting to ensure cost efficiency adequacy of in and out resouces
budget monitoring
in revenue and out expenses
cash flow monitoring
listing and checking all supplies
supplies inventory
BQ* what is pilfering?
stealing item from central supplies
refunding personal expenditure and nee to present and official reciept
reimbursement system
forming of a group of people with a common goal to provide in carrying out the plan
organizing
what type of organizing in people have positions and tittles, (+) chart, communicates via chain of command, people have a common goal
formal type
what type of organizing in people do not have positions or tittles (-)chart, communicates via grapevine, people like each other
informal type
type of organization structure that has a more levels, longer chain of command, lesser delegation, better supervision, centralize
tall/ pyramidal structure
type of organizational structure that has less levels, shorter coc, wide soc, better delegation, lesser supervision, decentralized
flat/ horizontal structure
there is a vertical and horizontal lines of authority
matrix structure
type of relationships that is part of the operation, more permanent , command relationship with SOLID LINES
Formal relationship
specific extra functions, more temporary, coordinating/ consulting relationships uses BROKEN LINES
Informal Relationships
what does organizational chart contains *
structure, division of labor, chain of command, span of control
looking for competent people to fill in the job vacancies
staffing
looking for the best practice. once found, manager emulates its best characteristics
Bench marking
legal basis for a regular employment
regulatory requirement RA5901
based on acuity amount of nursing workload
patient classification system
px are stable, capable ADLs and for novice care
level 1 px minimal care
stable px with special treatment
level 2px moderate care
bedridden has possibility to be stable, cannot ambulate
level 3 px total care
unstable px, q15 v/s for expert employee
level 4 px, intensive care
it is the no of personel needed, standard formula duties
staff support am45% pm37% night18%
ratio of professional (RN) to non professional (NA)
skill mix
steps in staffing
- determine no. and type of personnel needed
- recruit personnel / advertise
-board of mouth referral, apply cv with A4 size, cover letter address to HR - interview the applicant.
wear= business attire/ corporate attire - orient the personnel
- give the job offer
probationary period= 6 months
it is the heart of the management, steps taken by the manager to ensure that the task are carried out to achieve the common goal
Directing
the 4 C’s in directing
clear, concise, consistent, complete
well understood
clear
short, lesser words, simple
concise
repeated work and repeated correct and reliable
consistent
had the all necessary details
complete
elements in Directing*
communication, delegation, supervision
process of conveying a message from one person to another (two way), it is inevitable in an org. Basic nursing competency
communication
uses words, oral and written action
verbal
uses actions/ kinesics (body action)
nonverbal
characteristics of speech such as tone, pitch and loudness
paraverbal
what are the element of process communication
sender-message-medium channel(channel)-receiver (decoder)- feedback
types of organizational communication?
vertical, horizontal,downward
type of communication between different levels (upward or inward process) or (subordinate to supervisor)
vertical
the sender is from subordinate to supervisor
upward vertical communication
sender is from supervisor to the subordinates
downward vertical communication
type of communication has the same levels, peers and grapevine
horizontal
type of communication between 2 members of different organization
diagonal
the act of assigning someone a portion of the work to be done with corresponding authority, responsibility and accountability
delegation
the right to command
authority
completion of task (before)
responsibility
concern about the consequence of the task (after) accountability
accountability
what are the 3 common mistake in delegation
over delegation, under delegation, inappropriate delegation
type of delegation that result to burn out physically, mentally and emotionally
over delegation
type of delegation that has too less result/ redundancy, incompetent, earning money from the company but doesn’t have done something
under delegation
type of delegation that given a wrong task to the wrong person, malpractice
inappropriate delegation
what are the 5 rights of delegation?
right task, right person, right direction, right circumstances, right supervision
what are the things that you cannot delegate to the nursing aid
nursing process, admission and discharge, health education, medication admin, unstable clients, high risk patients, formal documentation
it is the ORIGINAL MODAITY OF CARE, used by _____ during ______. and it is also called the “____ _______ ______ “ usually 1RN to 1 patient
case method by Florence Nightingale during crimean war. and also called the “TOTAL PATIENT CARE”
What are the advantage and disadvantage of case method modalities of care
advantage
also known as “TASK BASED NURSING” popularized during world war II, led to establish of LPN’s and LVN’s in the USA. one nurse gets to perform one particular task for all patients in one specific shift. example “Medication nurse”
Functional method
what are the advantage and disadvantages of “functional method”
advantage- skills development
disadvantage- highly fragmented patient care
also known as “PARTNERS IN CARE” RN’s provide holistic care to the patient, one of the members is assigned as a “TEAM LEADER” who also get to provide care. bring back RN’s to the patients bedside since clinical activities of the nurse will be carried out by wards clerks secretaries
team method
what are the advantage and disadvantage of team method
advantage- to promote collaboration among RNs, great interpersonal leaning
disadvantage- requires a great number of staff
also known as “AUTONOMOUS NURSING”, enjoy so much autonomy and authority over the planning of care for a patient or a certain group of patients. Most CONSISTENT MODILITY OF CARE since only ONE PLAN of care is followed. Ex. NCP based on 24 hrs provision either the physician or charge nurse
Primary method
Most EFFICIENT AND MOST MODERN MODALITY OF CARE also known as “EPISODE BASED” care, px are given care based on the predicted specific episodes of the DSE or medical condition. Evidence based care since the case manager makes use of clinical pathways Ex. IMCI
Case management
imposing the rules to prevent mistakes in and raise the level of quality of the performance task. The Priority is to STABLISH STANDARDS
Controlling
used for comparison of systems of operation, personnel, profile and physical arrangements
Structure
used for comparison procedure and methods of care
process
used for comparison of results of care (satisfaction survey)
outcome
steps in controlling
- establish standards
- measure actual performance of the task
- compare measurement of performance with the standard
- identify corresponding action
praises and recognize staff
above with the standard
train and enroll staff in the staff development measures
below standard
what type of education that focus on skills development, “INCIDENTIAL AND UNPLANNED” usually based on the results of the controlling function, shouldered by the facility
In-service education
type of education focus on CARRER DEVELOPMENT “PLANNED & ARRANGED” usually happens when the staff aims for a higher position. Responsibility of the staff himself/ herself
Continuing Education
3 types of operative/ surgical procedure
- feedforward
- concurrent
- feedback
PREOPERATIVE CHECKLIST used to variety all prerequisites prior to the px being operated (consent, clearances, allergies)
feedforward
INTRAOPERATIVE SPONGE AND INSTRUMENT COUNT, prevents inadvertent leftover articles inside patients body
concurrent
POSTOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT, checks possible complication
Feedback