Electrolytes Flashcards
what are the cations electrolytes
na+, K+, ca, mg, H+
what are the anions electrolytes
Cl-, Po4-, So4-
maintain fluid balance, regulates BP
Sodium (135-145)
increased aldosterone & Na
common source: table salts, processed food, pickled food, soy sauce, cheese
BQ: affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices. These secreted fluids are normally thin and slippery.
cystic fibrosis
hyponatremia common dses and drugs
Addison’s, ace inhibitors, ARBS
diuretics such as- thiazide
related to water gain, most sodium found in the blood
hemodilution
such as SIADH- need to fluid restriction
complication of Decreased NA
Cerebral Edema brain cells will swell
increased icp- hyper- brady-brady
thready bounding pulse
(+) papilledema
mgt for Increased ICP
30 degree HOB elevation, without pillow
- dim light, decreased Visiting , stool softeners
seizure precaution
- airway & breathing precautions
- safety- bed at the lowest**
-siderails up with padding leave 1 side rail down
-avoid infant having a padded siderails
BQ: What is the safety precaution applicable for all, regardless the condition
Bed at the lowest point
mgt for decreased Na
=PNSS
decreased NA+ mannitol 3%-15%
decreased na= lithium toxicity (N 0.6-1.2)TSL
-maintain, adequate, balance normal NA intake
what is the earliest lithium toxicity
GI - n/v, diarrhea, abd cramps, tremors
4 D’s of Lithium toxicity
- decreased NA
- damaged kidneys
- dehydration
- drugs- nsaids & thiazides
hypernatremia common dse. S/sx
cushing syndrome, steroid therapy and kidney/ renal failure.
sx: seizure, thick sticky mucus, hypertension, increased thirst, edema
Mgt for Hypernatremia
-D5water
-D2.5water
Majore entra cation, 98% inside the cells and 2% in the blood. IT IS THE HIGHEST PRIORITY IN CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY
Potassium N 3.5-5.0
Food recomended in hypokalemia
Red meats, organ meat, banana, papaya, spinach, watermelon, dark green leafy veg, orange, grapes, raisins, dried fruit, dairy, cantaloupe, carrots and brocoli
BQ. Which is the highest potassium
1 cup or raisins bec dry no chemicals
What are the safe to give in Hypoklaemia
- “buko pie”
-egg, bread, butter
Filling” apples and berry” - Chopsuey for kids
-No carrots and broccoli
-garlic, onion, shrimp, cauliflower, cabbage, green beens and rice - Pota i feel down
“Let us squash my P or eggplant”
Lettuce, squash, peas, eggplant
K+ sparring” SEAT
Spironolacton
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene
Hypokalemia GI activity and ECG
GI:Hypomotility
<5clicks/min
-absent bowel sound/paralitic ileus
- contipation
ECG- HYPUUKALEMIA
-prominent U wave
-flat/ inverted T-wave
-ST depression
Hyperkalemia GI and ECG
GI: Hypermotility
>30clicks
-Diarrhea
ECG- HYPER(T)KALEMIA
-tall/ peaked T wave
- ST elevation
Safe infusion rate of K+
5-10meq/hr
