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Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

what are the cations electrolytes

A

na+, K+, ca, mg, H+

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2
Q

what are the anions electrolytes

A

Cl-, Po4-, So4-

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3
Q

maintain fluid balance, regulates BP

A

Sodium (135-145)
increased aldosterone & Na

common source: table salts, processed food, pickled food, soy sauce, cheese

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4
Q

BQ: affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices. These secreted fluids are normally thin and slippery.

A

cystic fibrosis

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5
Q

hyponatremia common dses and drugs

A

Addison’s, ace inhibitors, ARBS
diuretics such as- thiazide

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6
Q

related to water gain, most sodium found in the blood

A

hemodilution
such as SIADH- need to fluid restriction

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7
Q

complication of Decreased NA

A

Cerebral Edema brain cells will swell
increased icp- hyper- brady-brady
thready bounding pulse
(+) papilledema

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8
Q

mgt for Increased ICP

A

30 degree HOB elevation, without pillow
- dim light, decreased Visiting , stool softeners

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9
Q

seizure precaution

A
  1. airway & breathing precautions
  2. safety- bed at the lowest**
    -siderails up with padding leave 1 side rail down
    -avoid infant having a padded siderails
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10
Q

BQ: What is the safety precaution applicable for all, regardless the condition

A

Bed at the lowest point

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11
Q

mgt for decreased Na

A

=PNSS
decreased NA+ mannitol 3%-15%
decreased na= lithium toxicity (N 0.6-1.2)TSL

-maintain, adequate, balance normal NA intake

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12
Q

what is the earliest lithium toxicity

A

GI - n/v, diarrhea, abd cramps, tremors

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13
Q

4 D’s of Lithium toxicity

A
  1. decreased NA
  2. damaged kidneys
  3. dehydration
  4. drugs- nsaids & thiazides
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14
Q

hypernatremia common dse. S/sx

A

cushing syndrome, steroid therapy and kidney/ renal failure.

sx: seizure, thick sticky mucus, hypertension, increased thirst, edema

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15
Q

Mgt for Hypernatremia

A

-D5water
-D2.5water

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16
Q

Majore entra cation, 98% inside the cells and 2% in the blood. IT IS THE HIGHEST PRIORITY IN CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY

A

Potassium N 3.5-5.0

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17
Q

Food recomended in hypokalemia

A

Red meats, organ meat, banana, papaya, spinach, watermelon, dark green leafy veg, orange, grapes, raisins, dried fruit, dairy, cantaloupe, carrots and brocoli

18
Q

BQ. Which is the highest potassium

A

1 cup or raisins bec dry no chemicals

19
Q

What are the safe to give in Hypoklaemia

A
  1. “buko pie”
    -egg, bread, butter
    Filling” apples and berry”
  2. Chopsuey for kids
    -No carrots and broccoli
    -garlic, onion, shrimp, cauliflower, cabbage, green beens and rice
  3. Pota i feel down
    “Let us squash my P or eggplant”
    Lettuce, squash, peas, eggplant
20
Q

K+ sparring” SEAT

A

Spironolacton
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene

21
Q

Hypokalemia GI activity and ECG

A

GI:Hypomotility
<5clicks/min
-absent bowel sound/paralitic ileus
- contipation

ECG- HYPUUKALEMIA
-prominent U wave
-flat/ inverted T-wave
-ST depression

22
Q

Hyperkalemia GI and ECG

A

GI: Hypermotility
>30clicks
-Diarrhea

ECG- HYPER(T)KALEMIA
-tall/ peaked T wave
- ST elevation

23
Q

Safe infusion rate of K+

A

5-10meq/hr

24
Q

Safe concentration of K+

A

20-40meq/L

25
Q

Hypokalemia drug

A

-Digoxin

-digoxin toxicity
Early sign GI
Late: green, yellow, halo sign
antidot: digifab & digibind

26
Q

Check apical pulse in adult and infant

A

5th ICL Left midclavicle line
Infant- 4th ics

27
Q

Mgt for hyperkalemia

A

K+ wasting- diuretics
-PNSS Elminate through urine
-kayexalate-to eliminate postassium

28
Q

Sources of calcium

A

Dairy, dark green leafy veg, tofu, beanse, sardines with bines and salmon. They are also increase in vit D

29
Q

Complication of decreased Ca

A

-Seizure
-cardiac arrhythmia
-bleeding risk
-increased reflexes( tetany/ laryngospasm

1 chvosteks sign(+) corpal spasm
2. Trousseaus sign (+) carpopedal spasm

Early sign- tingling of the mouth
-muscle high reflexes

30
Q

Mgt for ca

A

Increase ca &vit D

31
Q

ECG readings in Hypercalcemia &hypocalcemia

A

Hypocalcemia- prolong Qt & ST

Hypercalcemia
Shortened QT & ST

32
Q

Complications of Calcium

A

Increased risk for
-fractures
-renal calculi
-risk clotting
-seizure
- respi failure

33
Q

What is the normal Deep tendon reflex

34
Q

Mgt for ca

A

-Pnss
-dont give thiazide
-give furosemide
-calcitonin

35
Q

Good DNA & RNA, metabolism, PTH production *

A

Magnesium 1.5-2.5

36
Q

5C’s in malabsorption og hypomagnesemia

A
  1. Chronic alcoholism
  2. Crohns Dse and ulcerative colitis
  3. Chronic laxative use
    4, celiac dse (uten intolerance)
  4. Calcium
37
Q

Foods for hypomgnesemia

A

Barly
Rice
Oat
West
Spelt

38
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Increased reflex (+) tetany, chvosteck and trousseau sign
All bp is decreased

39
Q

Hypomagnesemia ECG

A

Torsades De Pointes

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