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Study > Fluid Resolution > Flashcards

Fluid Resolution Flashcards

1
Q

what type of fluid resolution contains water, fluid or plasma

A

solvent

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2
Q

what type of fluid resolution that contains solids such as cells, electrolytes and gasses

A

solute

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3
Q

what type of fluid resolution that has a mixture of blood (endogenous)

A

solution

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4
Q

what are the 2 exogenous solutions

A
  1. crystalloids
  2. colloids
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5
Q

smaller particles, electrolytes , glucose
(isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic)

A

crystalloids

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6
Q

larger particles, (albumin, dextron, blood products

A

colloids

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7
Q

water moves from an area of low solute to high solute area; to Dilute the highly concentrated area

A

osmosis

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8
Q

type of solution that is equal= no movement of water, stays in the blood

A

isotonic, BEST FOR FLUID REPLACEMENT

for blood, shock and FVD

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9
Q

type of fluid that has a water + sodium chloride. ONLY COMPATIBLE SOLUTION IN BLOOD TRANSFUSION, IRRIGATION, DKA, USE FOR BODY CAVITY. USE FOR SHOCK.

A

PNSS (0.9% NaCl)
Do not use in instrument because can cause rust

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10
Q

type of fluid used in metabolic acidosis, DKA and BEST FOR BURNS

A

Plain LR (na, cl, k+, ca, lactate (alkaline)

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11
Q

it can be categorize as isotonic or hypotonic solution. given for the Hypoglycemic pt

A

D5water

Never give it to Hyperglycemia, Give for hyponatremia

D2.5 water and D5water for hypoglycemia

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12
Q

considered as a isotonic solution

A

plasmalyte 148 and Normosol M

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13
Q

type of fluid that has more water diluted and cells will swell can cause hypovolemia. This must be given to CELLULAR DEHYDRATION BUT C/I to SHOCK, FVD, CELLULAR EDEMA AND INCREASED ICP

A

HYPOTONIC
Ex. Hypotonic saline (<0.9%)
-0.33% NaCl will increased K+ and Ca
-0.45% Nacl

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14
Q

More solute, concentrated; Cell shrinking/crenation

A

Hypertonic solution- good for hypovolemia

C/I cellular dehydration

Such as:
SIADH, CHF, Renal Failure, Pulmonary edem

Hypertonic saline ex:
-3%nacl for cerebral edema
-5%nacl

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15
Q

Alternative for TPN

A

D10water for hypogly

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16
Q

Given to the hypoglycemia coma px GCS 3. Sugar <70+unconscious

A

D50w given via central line

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17
Q

What are the solutions that are good sources of glucose

A

-0.45% NSS with dextrose
-D5LR to decrease glycemia and k
-D5Nss

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18
Q

What is the best insetion of IVTT procedure

A

Arteriovenousarch

-dorsal of the hand basilic and becalic

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19
Q

Best IVTT insertion in infant

A

Feet and scalp vein
-Naturally splinted by bones
-avoid areas of flexion.

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20
Q

What are you going to avoid in IVTT procedure

A

the AV fistula site & Mastectomy site

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21
Q

what are the Gauges of Adult and Infant

A

Adult 22-27
infant 24-27

22
Q

what compression type of used in vein distention

A

warm compress (moist heat)*
wrap hand 10-15 mins

23
Q

sequence of IVTT procedure

A
  1. apply tourniquet with 6 inches
  2. dangle
  3. gently tap the vein
  4. clench fist
  5. stroke the vein upward (towards the heart)
    - Distal vein first
24
Q

BQ: IV prep

A

-technique is sterile
-clean glove
-change IV tubes if unsterile

25
Q

air embolism postion

A

left lateral Trendelenburg/ Durant position
O2 therapy BVM (100%)

26
Q

Pulmonary edema position

A

upright

27
Q

Best Disinfect

A

Chlorhexidine
2nd option 70% alcohol
-cleanest- dirties (circular motion)

28
Q

IV angle insertion

A

15-30 degree backflow, flush with PNSS (5ml). 2 failed attempt called another nurse.
-secure with Transparent Dressing

Dressing Q72-96
Tubing and IV bag Q24-48hrs

29
Q

Leakage of solution to tissue

A

infiltration
-swelling, pain, COOL, PALLOR

30
Q

inflammation of vein, pain, warm, Redness, (+) redstreak

A

Phlebitis

-causing on keeping moving, dancing, wrong gauge

31
Q

inflammation of the vein (+) cord like vein, like a telephone cord

A

Thrombophlebitis

32
Q

leakage px vesicants cause potent irritants

A

Extravasation
- antibiotics, kcl, chemo drugs, vasopressor, Na Hco3

  • cause Blisters, ulcerations & necrosis/ eschar
  • Do not remove first need to aspirate
33
Q

FVO risk blood tranfusion

A

Mild: Increased BP= slow to KVO rate

-10ml/hr
-10-20gtts/min * upright
-2ml/min

34
Q

inflammation, pain warm, redness (+) discharge , serous discharge, purulent discharge, fever increased wbc

A

infection/ sepsis
Stop & remove IV

mgt
1. stop
2. elevate
3. compress: warm- decreased
cool- for pain numbness of the vessels
4. cool for vesicant *- irritation of the skin except
2V VV arm=Vasopressors, Vinca alkaloids

35
Q

found in RBC surface also known agglutinogen

A

Antigen

36
Q

found in the plasma, agglutinin

A

antibodies

37
Q

kapila na baby naay complication si mother sa rh

A

2nd exposure

38
Q

universal donor

A

O-

39
Q

Universal receipient

A

AB+

40
Q

rareset “Golden blood”

A

RH null
- no rh antigen and autosomal recessive

41
Q

how many mins should the blood need to be START to be transfused and how many hrs will be transfused?

A

30 mins
- 4 hrs
Stay with pt for first 15-30 mins 2ml/ml or 20ggts/min

42
Q

prefusion meds

A

acetaminophen- paralytic drug, it is hepatotoxic, Limit 400mg/day
-Diphenhydramine- for itchiness
Hydrocortisone-for corticosteroid

43
Q

baseline lung sound

A

crackles- fluid overload
wheezing- bronchospasm
stridor- anaphylaxis

44
Q

urine with complication after transfusion

A

Hematuria= homolytic reaction

45
Q

complications after blood transfusion

A
  1. febrile Nonhemolytic reaction= expected
    - fever, chills, anxiety
    - give acetaminophen

2.Hemolytic transfusion reaction
-fever, chills, chestpain, impending doom, flank pain, acute kidney infection, hematuria, hypotension, increased HR RR s/sx of hypoxia
-STOP TRANSFUSION, INCOMPATIBLE BLOOD, CHANGE TO NSS @KVO RATE

  1. allergic reaction- rashes, pruritus
  2. FVO-s/sx crackles and edema
  3. Communicable DSE- hepa, HIV, Malaria, dengue
  4. electrolyte imbalances
  5. Anaphylactic shock- Rushes pruritus, stridor, dob hypoxia, hypo- tachy-tachy
    STOP -IM, IV, EPINEPHRINE
46
Q

BQ: Px has been stab, what type of blood will you transfused

A

Pack RBC

47
Q

type of blood product best for blood loss r/t trauma or surgery

A

PRBC
Hgb 1unit=1g/dl
Hct=3%

48
Q

made from plasma, for thrombocytopenia, candidate for transfusion, with or without bleeding

A

platelet concentrate
-for dengue, hemolytic fever

49
Q

contain clotting factors, #1 fibrinogen

A

Fresh frozen plasma
- can be transfused at DIC- disseminated intravascular coagulation- clotting and bleeding condition by chemo, amotic embolism

50
Q

blood product for Hemophilia, vonwille brands dse, DIC

A

Cryoprecipitate

51
Q

time transfusion for PRBC, platelet, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate

A

PRBC 2-4hrs
platelets, FFP, Cryo= within 30 mins

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