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GENERAL- TOP8 > RESEARCH > Flashcards

RESEARCH Flashcards

1
Q

-blueprint of research
-guide in conducting research (data collection)

A

Research design

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2
Q

2 type of research design

A

Quantitative & Qualitative

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3
Q

-quantity
-Measurable data/ numerical data
-cause & effect relationship

A

Quantitative

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4
Q

-meaning (narrative)
-in depth study of a phenomenon or experience
-aka FIELD RESEARCH

A

Qualitative

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5
Q

-Cause
-can cause changes
-Fixed

A

Independent Variable

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6
Q

-Effect
-Measurable

A

Dependent Variable

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7
Q

“The effect of young maternal age on the infant’s birth weight”

A

Independent: Young maternal age
Dependent: Birth weight

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8
Q

“the effect of malunggay capsule in promotig lactation among BF moms in brgy skrt”

A

Independent: Malunggay capsule
Dependent: Lactation among BF

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9
Q

“The effect of widowhood in the psychological well-being of women”

A

Independent: Widowhood
Dependent: Psychological well-being

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10
Q

2 types of quantitative

A

-Experimental
-Non-Experimental

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11
Q
  • (+) manipulation
    -Administration of:
    *Independent variable
    *Treatment
    *Intervention
    -which can be given to independent variable
    -BENEFICIAL
    -HARMLESS
A

Experimental

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12
Q

-(-) Manipulation
-Not administration of treatment and intervention
-Harmful IV
-unethical IV
-AKA Observational

A

Non-experimental

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13
Q

We cannot manipulate the Independent Variable:

A

-Age
-height/wt
-gender
-behaviour

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14
Q

Idependent V. that cant be given:

A

-behaviour
-religion
-status
-disease

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15
Q

Types of non-experimental

A

-Descriptive
-Descriptive corelational
-Descriptive comparative

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16
Q

-describe phenomena w/o manipulation
-only answer question “what”
-“Introduction” part of the study
D-P-O-C
-Definition: statistic
-Prevalence: old/new
-Occurrence: new cases
-Characteristics: Risk Factors
-univariable: identify new concept
-ASK FOR OPINION OF OTHERS!

A

DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

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17
Q

-prediction
-studies the relationship of variables that co-exist
-link together, not causation
-does not point out direct cause

A

Descriptive Correlational

Prediction
↓ R/F
Association : cant point out the direct
cause

*Causation:
-point out direct cause
- (+) manipulation

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18
Q

Spot map for Descriptive Correlational

A

IV - DV (1 GROUP)

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19
Q

2 types of Descriptive Correlational

A

Prospective
Retrospective

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20
Q

-Going forward
-IV: Present
-DV: Future
-Threat: may cause mortality; withdrawal

A

Prospective

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21
Q

-Going backwards
-AKA Ex post Facto : after the fact
-IV: Past
-DV: Present

A

Retrospective

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22
Q

Data collection for prospective
-May tale months or years
->6 months
-Threat: mortality; withdrawal

A

Longitudinal

23
Q

Data collection for retrospective
-One point in time

A

Cross-sectional

24
Q

-studies cause & effect relationship
- No manipulation by comparing 2 groups
-causation: point out direct cause

A

DESCRIPTIVE COMPARATIVE

25
Q

Sport map for descriptive comparative

A

2G +IV / - IV ➤ DV

26
Q
  • (+) Manipulation
  • administration of IV/Trx/ Interventionn
    -effectiveness of Treatment
    -Causation (cause & effect relationship)
A

Experimental

27
Q

elements of experimental Research

A

M-C-R
-Manipulation
-Control : improves reliability;
-Randomization : ensures that groups are equal (homogenous)

28
Q

Most powerful design that eliminates all threat to internal validity

A

Pretest-post test control group design

29
Q

Types of experimental research

A

-True
-Quasi
-Pre-experimental

30
Q

3 elements
-Manipulation
-Control: 2 groups
-Random

T.T.T
2-4 groups with randomization

A

True Experimental Research

31
Q

-improves reliability
-requires 2 groups:
*Experimental Group: Receives Trx
*Control Group: Ordinary/Traditional
Trx

A

Control

32
Q

2 elements
-Manipulation
-Lacks either control or randomization

TTT
1-2 groups
1G: 2 Pre/post test
2G: w/o randomization

A

Quasi

33
Q

1 element
-Manipulation
-lacks both control & randomization

TTT
1 GROUP; 1pretest 1 posttest

A

Pre-experimental

34
Q

How to collect data for pre-experimental

A

O1 : Pre-test
X : Intervention
O2: Post-test

35
Q

-Intervention with treatment- Post 2x
-irrelevant to conduct a pretest

A

One-shot case study

36
Q

-Control group is irrelevant

A

Pre-test post-test one group design

37
Q

-done when pre-test is impossible to conduct

A

Post-test only control group design `

38
Q

-not possible to conduct randomization

A

Non-equivalent control group deisgn

39
Q

Two types of experimental design

A

-Non-equivalent CG design
-Time series Design

40
Q

-Duration of treatment
-Effectiveness of treatment over time

A

Time series design

41
Q

-AKA Field study
-in depth study of phenomena/ experiences

Experiences
↓
Meaning
↓
Thru: Interview
↓
Data: Narrative form

LACKS:
-Hypothesis: Educational guess
-Statistical Treatment: Computation
-Theory: Attempt to explain phenomena in general

A

Qualitative Research

42
Q

Types of qualitative Research

A

-Ethnographic
-Phenomenological
-Grounded theory

43
Q

-Anthropology
-Study of culture, beliefs, & development
-Focus: L-A-B
Language: meaning
Artifacts
Beliefs & Tradition

A

Ethnographic

44
Q

Data collection for ethnographic:
-Requires observation/interview for a certain period of time

A

-Immersion
-Longitudinal

45
Q

-sociology
-study of social process
-social interaction
-Patterns of behaviour
-formulates theory grounded on data collected

A

Grounded Theory

46
Q

-psychology: Mind; subjective/ behavior
L-I-B-E-D
-lived experiences
-Intuition/intuitive process: pt will
interpret research
-Bracketing: handling of emotionality
-End: when there is data saturation
-Data collection: semi-structured
individual

A

Phenomenological

47
Q

No new information gathered overtime

A

Data saturation

48
Q

Logical reasoning
-Specific to general

Qualitative research
↓
Data collection in specific Popltn group
↓
Develops theme/codes: characteristics
they share in common
↓
Formulate hypothesis
↓
Development theory: that explains specific population in general

A

Inductive Reasoning

49
Q

Logical reasoning
-General to specific

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Theory (general)
↓
Develop hypothesis
↓
Data collection (specific person)
↓
Analysis of data

A

Deductive reasoning

50
Q

All qualitative research ends when there is?

A

Data saturation

51
Q

Brief summary
150-250 words

A

Abstract

52
Q

Phases of Drug Development

A

Pre-clinical trial: Animal: good & bad effect
Phase 1: Healthy Male
Phase 2: Male subject with medical
condition : determine C/I
Phase 3: Large scale (10,000)
Phase 4: FDA Approved

53
Q
A

GENERAL- TOP8 (25 decks)

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