Reproductive Systems And Eye Flashcards
Seminal Vesicle secretions contain: (3)
Fructose, Prostaglandins, and Fibrinogen
Leydig Cells are associated with which hormone
Lutenizing Hormone
Sertoli Cells are associated with which hormone?
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
T/F
Fructose sugar, an energy source for the sperm is produced by the bulbourethral glands.
False
Fructose is produced by the seminal vesicle
T/F
Spermatozoa gave the ability to follow chemotaxis factors in the Epididymis.
True
T/F
Sertoli cells can phagocytose dead/imperfect/unsuccessful spermatogenic cells.
True
T/F
Sperm are stored in the vas deferens until ejaculated.
False
T/F
During spermiogenesis, the spermatid condenses but retains a lot of its lysosomes.
False
T/F
Testicular function is under the regulation of hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis.
True
T/F
Under the effect of FSH, the Sertoli cells produce androgen/testosterone binding protein.
True
T/F
Fibrinogen in the semen causes it to turn viscous, thus protecting the spermatozoa.
True
T/F
Smooth muscle surrounding the seminiferous tubule assist in transporting the semen to the rete testis.
False
T/F
Testosterone is produced by the Sertoli cells on the interstitium
False
Sertoli cells produce Inhibin
Leydig cells produce testosterone
T/F
Within the male reproductive tract, stereocilia project from cells lining the seminiferous tubule.
False
T/F
Corpus spongiosum surround the penile urethra.
True
T/F
Like testosterone, inhibin can also up regulate spermatogenesis.
False
T/F
Most of the semen volume is secreted by the seminal vesicles.
True
T/F
Spermatogenic epithelium is the site for spermatogenesis.
True
T/F
Efferent ductules carry fully matured sperms that are then passed on the reti testis.
False; epididymus
T/F
Pale ape A spermatogonia are reserved cells that are only needed when dark type B cells are depleted.
False
T/F
Concretions are found in the prostate gland and increase with age.
True
Which of the following accurately describes spermatogenesis?
A. Results in the formation of primary spermatocytes
B. Occurs before puberty
C. Occurs in diploid cells
D. Involves differentiation of early spermatid cell structure.
D. Involves differentiation of early spermatid cell structure.
Hyposecretion of FSH in males is most likely to cause which condition?
A. Low serum testosterone levels
B. High levels of inhibin
C. Low sperm count
D. No symptoms, since there are no ovarian follicles.
C. Low sperm count
Which organ is normally characterized by the accumulation of concretions with increasing age?
Prostate
Stereocilia project from cells lining what region?
Epididymis
Which of the following adds a nutritive, fructose-rich secretion to the semen?
A. Leydig cells
B. Bulbourethral glands
C. prostate land
D. Seminal vesicles
D. Seminal vesicles
Name the cell that is found in the interstitium, has lipid vesicles and produces testosterone.
Leydig Cell
Inhibin is secreted by _________ cells when the sperm count is high.
Sertoli Cells
Name the gland with 3 concentric layers of glands that make up 30% of semen volume.
A. Bulbourethral gland
B. Prostate gland
C. seminal Vesicle
D. Corpus cavernous
B. Prostate gland
What are the two protective layers that cover the testis externally.
Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea
How many seminiferous tubules are found per testis lobe?
1-3
What is the length of an individual seminiferous tubule?
30-80 cm
What type of cells are found in the epithelium of seminiferous tubules?
Spermatagenic cells and Sertoli cells.
What are the 4 stages of spermiogenesis?
(ACDC)
- Formation of Acrosome
- Condensation and elongation of nucleus
- Development of Flagellum
- Loss of excess cytoplasm
What are the 4 functions of a Sertoli cells?
- Support spermatogenesis
- Production of Growth Factors
- Synthesis & secretion of proteins and enzymes.
- Phagocytosis
List the 6 cells found in the interstitium.
- Leydig cells
- Peritubular hyoid cells
- macrophages
- fibroblasts
- mast cells
- mesenchymal cells
What is the function of Leydig Cells?
Synthesize and secrete testosterone
What is the function of peritubular myoid cells.
Cause peristaltic waves of contraction that assist in secreting the spermatozoa into ducts.
What are the 3 types of ducts in the MRS?
Efferent ductules, Epididymus, & Vas Deferens
What type of epithelium is found in the epididymis?
Pseudostratified epithelium
What types of cells will you find in the epithelium of the epididymis?
Columnar principle cells
Basal (stem) cells
The Vas Deferens has a 3 layer arrangement of muscular… what are the 3 layers?
- Inner longitudinal smooth mm.
- Circular smooth mm.
- Outer longitudinal smooth mm.
What does the prostate gland secrete?
Zinc
Citric acid
prostaglandins
proteolytic enzymes
What does the seminal vesicle secrete?
Fructose
Prostoglandins
Fibrinogen
What does the Bulbourethral gland secrete?
Mucus to lubricate urethra
Which of the following is not part of the placental barrier?
A. Endothelium
B. Mesenchyme
C. Amnion
D. Synctiotrophoblast
C. Amnion
Name the dense connective tissue layer that covers the ovary on the outside:
A. Surface Epithelium
B. Tunica Vaginalis
C. Cytotrophoblast
D. Tunica Albuginea
D. Tunica Albuginea
Which of the following is not classified as a preantral follicle?
A. Graafian follicle
B. Primordial follicle
C. Primary unilmainar follicle
D. Primary multilaminar follicle
A. Graafian follicle
The vaginal microbiota converts _______ into ________, thus protecting against pathogens.
A. Fructose into lactic acid
B. Glycogen into lactic acid
C. Milk into lactic acid
D. Mucus into lactic acid
B. Glycogen into lactic acid
______ cells of the follicle contain lipid filled vacuoles:
A. Theca externa
B. Granulosa cells
C. Theca interna
D. Cumulus oophorus
C. Theca interna
Which glycoproteins function as sperm receptors?
A. ZP1 and ZP2
B. ZP2 and ZP3
C. ZP3 and ZP4
D. ZP4 and ZP5
C. ZP3 and ZP4
Which feature is characteristic of the endometrium’s stratum basalis?
A. Made of uterine surface epithelium
B. Contains cells that renew stratum functionalis
C. Undergoes cyclic thickening and shedding
D. Relies on spiral arteries for its blood supply
B. Contains cells that renew stratum functionalis
Name the hormone important for the maturation of stratum functionalis?
A. Lutenizing hormone
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. Human chorionic gonadotrophin
C. Progesterone
The release of cortical granules from the oocyte causes _______ to become impermeable:
A. Decidua basalis
B. Corona radiata
C. Cytotrophoblast
D. Zona pellucida
D. Zona pellucida
Another name for the mesenchyme of the umbilical cord
Whartons Jelly
Path of blood supply to the uterus
Arcuate arteries-Radial Arteries-Straight arteries (Str. Basalis)/Spiral arteries (Str. Functionalis)
Zones of the endometrium of the uterus
Stratum Functionalis and Stratum Basalis
Walls of the uterus
Endometrium, Myometrium and Perimetrium
2 types of cells in the fallopian tube
Ciliated Cells and Secretory Peg Cells
Parts of the Fallopian tube
Infundibulum, Ampulla, isthmus, uterine portion
What bacterial cells interact with the vagina and convert glycogen to lactic acid, dropping the pH in the vagina?
Doderlein bacteria
Fimbriae are a part of the oviduct infundibulum
True
Oviduct can undergo changes in length under the effect of steroid hormones
True
ZP3 and ZP4 also function as sperm receptors
True
Zona Pellucida is secreted by the theca layers
False
Doderlein bacteria are found on the vaginal muscosa that protect it from bacterial infections
True
Primordial and primary follicles are both types of antral follicles
False
Corpus luteum is formed after ovulation
True
Oocytes originate from the germinal epithelium of the ovary
False
Umbilical mesenchyme is called as Wharton’s Jelly
True
Ovarian oocytes are all lined up in the ovarian cortex tissue
True
Some oocytes will degenerate before they will ever be part of a Graafian follicle
True
Smooth muscles of the uterus are capable of responding sex hormones unlike other smooth muscles of the body
True
The junction of the uterus and the cervix is called the Exocervix
False, junction of the cervix and vagina
Corpus luteum is a scar tissue left after ovulation
False; Corpus Albicans
A primary oocyte remains in Meiosis I if it never gets fertilized
False
Lactiferous lobules of the mammary glands carry out apocrine secretion
True
Stratum functionalis has a regenerative role in the Endometrium
False
Acid secretions of the cervical glands control bacterial growth in the vagina
False
Fluid in the anterior portion of the eye
Aqueous humor
Fluid in the posterior portion of the eye
Vitreous humor
Fibrous layer of the eye
Sclera and cornea
Function of the sclera
Supports eye shape, protect against trauma and attachment of muscles
Basement Membranes in the cornea
Bowman’s (ext)/Descemets (int)
Vascular layer of the eye
Choroid, cillary body, iris
Function of the CCL
Supplies retina with essential nutrients
Histological structures of cillary body
Cillary muscle, cillary processes and cillary zonule
Function of cillary processes
Secretion of aqueous humor
Muscles of the iris
-dilator pupillae muscle
-sphincter pupillae muscle
What is the cornea made of
Collagen Type I
What is the rod to cone ratio
6:1
What are rod cells called
Rhodopsin
What are cone cells called
Photopsin
What are photoreceptor cells derived from
Vitamin A + opsin protein
What is the lens capsule made of
Type 4 collagen + proteoglycans
What is the lens epithelium made of
Cuboidal epithelium
What protein accumulates in abundance in the lens
Crystalline protein
Function of tarsal glands
Line/protect eyeball to retain moisture
