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Histo > Reproductive Systems And Eye > Flashcards

Reproductive Systems And Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Seminal Vesicle secretions contain: (3)

A

Fructose, Prostaglandins, and Fibrinogen

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2
Q

Leydig Cells are associated with which hormone

A

Lutenizing Hormone

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3
Q

Sertoli Cells are associated with which hormone?

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

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4
Q

T/F
Fructose sugar, an energy source for the sperm is produced by the bulbourethral glands.

A

False
Fructose is produced by the seminal vesicle

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5
Q

T/F
Spermatozoa gave the ability to follow chemotaxis factors in the Epididymis.

A

True

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6
Q

T/F
Sertoli cells can phagocytose dead/imperfect/unsuccessful spermatogenic cells.

A

True

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7
Q

T/F
Sperm are stored in the vas deferens until ejaculated.

A

False

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8
Q

T/F
During spermiogenesis, the spermatid condenses but retains a lot of its lysosomes.

A

False

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9
Q

T/F
Testicular function is under the regulation of hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis.

A

True

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10
Q

T/F
Under the effect of FSH, the Sertoli cells produce androgen/testosterone binding protein.

A

True

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11
Q

T/F
Fibrinogen in the semen causes it to turn viscous, thus protecting the spermatozoa.

A

True

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12
Q

T/F
Smooth muscle surrounding the seminiferous tubule assist in transporting the semen to the rete testis.

A

False

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13
Q

T/F
Testosterone is produced by the Sertoli cells on the interstitium

A

False
Sertoli cells produce Inhibin
Leydig cells produce testosterone

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14
Q

T/F
Within the male reproductive tract, stereocilia project from cells lining the seminiferous tubule.

A

False

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15
Q

T/F
Corpus spongiosum surround the penile urethra.

A

True

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16
Q

T/F
Like testosterone, inhibin can also up regulate spermatogenesis.

A

False

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17
Q

T/F
Most of the semen volume is secreted by the seminal vesicles.

A

True

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18
Q

T/F
Spermatogenic epithelium is the site for spermatogenesis.

A

True

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19
Q

T/F
Efferent ductules carry fully matured sperms that are then passed on the reti testis.

A

False; epididymus

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20
Q

T/F
Pale ape A spermatogonia are reserved cells that are only needed when dark type B cells are depleted.

A

False

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21
Q

T/F
Concretions are found in the prostate gland and increase with age.

A

True

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22
Q

Which of the following accurately describes spermatogenesis?
A. Results in the formation of primary spermatocytes
B. Occurs before puberty
C. Occurs in diploid cells
D. Involves differentiation of early spermatid cell structure.

A

D. Involves differentiation of early spermatid cell structure.

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23
Q

Hyposecretion of FSH in males is most likely to cause which condition?
A. Low serum testosterone levels
B. High levels of inhibin
C. Low sperm count
D. No symptoms, since there are no ovarian follicles.

A

C. Low sperm count

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24
Q

Which organ is normally characterized by the accumulation of concretions with increasing age?

A

Prostate

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25
Q

Stereocilia project from cells lining what region?

A

Epididymis

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26
Q

Which of the following adds a nutritive, fructose-rich secretion to the semen?
A. Leydig cells
B. Bulbourethral glands
C. prostate land
D. Seminal vesicles

A

D. Seminal vesicles

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27
Q

Name the cell that is found in the interstitium, has lipid vesicles and produces testosterone.

A

Leydig Cell

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28
Q

Inhibin is secreted by _________ cells when the sperm count is high.

A

Sertoli Cells

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29
Q

Name the gland with 3 concentric layers of glands that make up 30% of semen volume.
A. Bulbourethral gland
B. Prostate gland
C. seminal Vesicle
D. Corpus cavernous

A

B. Prostate gland

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30
Q

What are the two protective layers that cover the testis externally.

A

Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea

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31
Q

How many seminiferous tubules are found per testis lobe?

A

1-3

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32
Q

What is the length of an individual seminiferous tubule?

A

30-80 cm

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33
Q

What type of cells are found in the epithelium of seminiferous tubules?

A

Spermatagenic cells and Sertoli cells.

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34
Q

What are the 4 stages of spermiogenesis?
(ACDC)

A
  1. Formation of Acrosome
  2. Condensation and elongation of nucleus
  3. Development of Flagellum
  4. Loss of excess cytoplasm
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35
Q

What are the 4 functions of a Sertoli cells?

A
  1. Support spermatogenesis
  2. Production of Growth Factors
  3. Synthesis & secretion of proteins and enzymes.
  4. Phagocytosis
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36
Q

List the 6 cells found in the interstitium.

A
  1. Leydig cells
  2. Peritubular hyoid cells
  3. macrophages
  4. fibroblasts
  5. mast cells
  6. mesenchymal cells
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37
Q

What is the function of Leydig Cells?

A

Synthesize and secrete testosterone

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38
Q

What is the function of peritubular myoid cells.

A

Cause peristaltic waves of contraction that assist in secreting the spermatozoa into ducts.

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39
Q

What are the 3 types of ducts in the MRS?

A

Efferent ductules, Epididymus, & Vas Deferens

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40
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the epididymis?

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

41
Q

What types of cells will you find in the epithelium of the epididymis?

A

Columnar principle cells
Basal (stem) cells

42
Q

The Vas Deferens has a 3 layer arrangement of muscular… what are the 3 layers?

A
  1. Inner longitudinal smooth mm.
  2. Circular smooth mm.
  3. Outer longitudinal smooth mm.
43
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete?

A

Zinc
Citric acid
prostaglandins
proteolytic enzymes

44
Q

What does the seminal vesicle secrete?

A

Fructose
Prostoglandins
Fibrinogen

45
Q

What does the Bulbourethral gland secrete?

A

Mucus to lubricate urethra

46
Q

Which of the following is not part of the placental barrier?
A. Endothelium
B. Mesenchyme
C. Amnion
D. Synctiotrophoblast

A

C. Amnion

47
Q

Name the dense connective tissue layer that covers the ovary on the outside:
A. Surface Epithelium
B. Tunica Vaginalis
C. Cytotrophoblast
D. Tunica Albuginea

A

D. Tunica Albuginea

48
Q

Which of the following is not classified as a preantral follicle?
A. Graafian follicle
B. Primordial follicle
C. Primary unilmainar follicle
D. Primary multilaminar follicle

A

A. Graafian follicle

49
Q

The vaginal microbiota converts _______ into ________, thus protecting against pathogens.
A. Fructose into lactic acid
B. Glycogen into lactic acid
C. Milk into lactic acid
D. Mucus into lactic acid

A

B. Glycogen into lactic acid

50
Q

______ cells of the follicle contain lipid filled vacuoles:
A. Theca externa
B. Granulosa cells
C. Theca interna
D. Cumulus oophorus

A

C. Theca interna

51
Q

Which glycoproteins function as sperm receptors?
A. ZP1 and ZP2
B. ZP2 and ZP3
C. ZP3 and ZP4
D. ZP4 and ZP5

A

C. ZP3 and ZP4

52
Q

Which feature is characteristic of the endometrium’s stratum basalis?
A. Made of uterine surface epithelium
B. Contains cells that renew stratum functionalis
C. Undergoes cyclic thickening and shedding
D. Relies on spiral arteries for its blood supply

A

B. Contains cells that renew stratum functionalis

53
Q

Name the hormone important for the maturation of stratum functionalis?
A. Lutenizing hormone
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. Human chorionic gonadotrophin

A

C. Progesterone

54
Q

The release of cortical granules from the oocyte causes _______ to become impermeable:
A. Decidua basalis
B. Corona radiata
C. Cytotrophoblast
D. Zona pellucida

A

D. Zona pellucida

55
Q

Another name for the mesenchyme of the umbilical cord

A

Whartons Jelly

56
Q

Path of blood supply to the uterus

A

Arcuate arteries-Radial Arteries-Straight arteries (Str. Basalis)/Spiral arteries (Str. Functionalis)

57
Q

Zones of the endometrium of the uterus

A

Stratum Functionalis and Stratum Basalis

58
Q

Walls of the uterus

A

Endometrium, Myometrium and Perimetrium

59
Q

2 types of cells in the fallopian tube

A

Ciliated Cells and Secretory Peg Cells

60
Q

Parts of the Fallopian tube

A

Infundibulum, Ampulla, isthmus, uterine portion

61
Q

What bacterial cells interact with the vagina and convert glycogen to lactic acid, dropping the pH in the vagina?

A

Doderlein bacteria

62
Q

Fimbriae are a part of the oviduct infundibulum

A

True

63
Q

Oviduct can undergo changes in length under the effect of steroid hormones

A

True

64
Q

ZP3 and ZP4 also function as sperm receptors

A

True

65
Q

Zona Pellucida is secreted by the theca layers

A

False

66
Q

Doderlein bacteria are found on the vaginal muscosa that protect it from bacterial infections

A

True

67
Q

Primordial and primary follicles are both types of antral follicles

A

False

68
Q

Corpus luteum is formed after ovulation

A

True

69
Q

Oocytes originate from the germinal epithelium of the ovary

A

False

70
Q

Umbilical mesenchyme is called as Wharton’s Jelly

A

True

71
Q

Ovarian oocytes are all lined up in the ovarian cortex tissue

A

True

72
Q

Some oocytes will degenerate before they will ever be part of a Graafian follicle

A

True

73
Q

Smooth muscles of the uterus are capable of responding sex hormones unlike other smooth muscles of the body

A

True

74
Q

The junction of the uterus and the cervix is called the Exocervix

A

False, junction of the cervix and vagina

75
Q

Corpus luteum is a scar tissue left after ovulation

A

False; Corpus Albicans

76
Q

A primary oocyte remains in Meiosis I if it never gets fertilized

A

False

77
Q

Lactiferous lobules of the mammary glands carry out apocrine secretion

A

True

78
Q

Stratum functionalis has a regenerative role in the Endometrium

A

False

79
Q

Acid secretions of the cervical glands control bacterial growth in the vagina

A

False

80
Q

Fluid in the anterior portion of the eye

A

Aqueous humor

81
Q

Fluid in the posterior portion of the eye

A

Vitreous humor

82
Q

Fibrous layer of the eye

A

Sclera and cornea

83
Q

Function of the sclera

A

Supports eye shape, protect against trauma and attachment of muscles

84
Q

Basement Membranes in the cornea

A

Bowman’s (ext)/Descemets (int)

85
Q

Vascular layer of the eye

A

Choroid, cillary body, iris

86
Q

Function of the CCL

A

Supplies retina with essential nutrients

87
Q

Histological structures of cillary body

A

Cillary muscle, cillary processes and cillary zonule

88
Q

Function of cillary processes

A

Secretion of aqueous humor

89
Q

Muscles of the iris

A

-dilator pupillae muscle
-sphincter pupillae muscle

90
Q

What is the cornea made of

A

Collagen Type I

91
Q

What is the rod to cone ratio

A

6:1

92
Q

What are rod cells called

A

Rhodopsin

93
Q

What are cone cells called

A

Photopsin

94
Q

What are photoreceptor cells derived from

A

Vitamin A + opsin protein

95
Q

What is the lens capsule made of

A

Type 4 collagen + proteoglycans

96
Q

What is the lens epithelium made of

A

Cuboidal epithelium

97
Q

What protein accumulates in abundance in the lens

A

Crystalline protein

98
Q

Function of tarsal glands

A

Line/protect eyeball to retain moisture

Histo (11 decks)

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