REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Session 12 Flashcards
In the female reproductive organs which ones are also known as the genital tract ?
- Uterine tubes
- Uterus
- Cervix
- Vagina
How many ligaments are used to hold up the ovaries and name each one
- 3
- Broad , Suspensory and ovarian
what are the finger like projections in the uterine tube called ?
- Fimbriae
After ovulation what helps to sweep the egg into a uterine tube ?
- Fimbriae
Where does fertilization usually take place ?
- In the upper region of the uterine tube
How many layers is the uterus and name each one
- 3
- Endometrium , myometrium and parametrium
What is a Pap test?
- The removal of few cells from the cervix for microscopic examination
What is a Hysterectomy ?
- Surgical removal of the uterus
What is an Ovariohysterctomy ?
- removal of ovaries and uterus
describe the layers of the endometrium and the function of it
- Endometrium supplies nutrients needed for embryonic and fetal development
- it has two layers :
-Functional layer that is shed during each menstrual period
-Basal layer of multiplying cells
What is Endometriosis and what can it cause ?
- It is the presence of tissue resembling endometrium outside the uterus .
- It causes a chronic inflammatory reaction that may result in the formation of scar tissue
What is an Oocyte ?
- Immature egg contained within follicle
What happens when the egg is just a primary follicle ?
- Epithelial cells surround a primary oocyte
What happens when the egg reaches secondary follicle ?
- follicular fluid surrounds the secondary oocyte
What happens when the egg reaches vesicular follicle ?
- The fluid filled cavity enlarges to the point that the follicle wall balloons out on the surface of the ovary
How does Oogensis occur ?
- A primary oocyte undergoes meiosis I , they two resulting cells are haploid (n). the secondary oocyte can only go through meiosis II if the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell.
- If not it will die shortly after being released from the ovary
After meiosis I during Oogensis two haploid cells are formed , and one of them is a polar body , what is a polar body ?
- This cells function is to simply hold discarded chromosomes
What is Ovulation ?
- This is when the vesicular follicle bursts , releasing the oocyte
What happens after the vesicular follicle has burst ?
- It then develops into a corpus luteum
What happens to the corpus luteum if the egg is not fertilized
- It disintegrates
What occurs in the Follicular phase ?
- FSH promotes the development of primary follicles which primarily secrete estrogen .
- As estrogen rises , it exerts negative feedback control over anterior pituitary secretion of FSH , ending the follicular phase
- lastly a surge of LH is released from the anterior pituitary triggering ovulation on day 14 on a 28 day cycle
What happens in the luteual phase ?
- LH promotes the development of the corpus luteum , which secretes high levels pf progesterone and some estrogen
What is menopause ?
- its when the ovarian cycle ceases
What is a uterine cycle ?
- It is a cyclical series of events caused by estrogen and progesterone
What occurs during day 1-5 in the 28 day cycle ?
- Menstruation : low levels of estrogen and progesterone cause the endometrium to disintegrate and its blood vessels to rupture
What occurs during day 6-13 in the 28 day cycle ?
- Proliferative phase : increased production of estrogen by a new follicle causes the endometrium to thicken and become glandular
What occurs during day 14 in the 28 day cycle ?
- Ovulation
What occurs during day 15-28 in the 28 day cycle ?
- Secretory phase : increased production of progesterone by the corpus luteum causes the endometrium to thicken.
- Also causes the uterine glands to mature and produce a thick secretion
