REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Session 11

Question 1

At what age does puberty occur in both genders ?

Answer 1

• Males : 12-16
• Females : 10-14

Question 2

What is the purpose of mitosis mainly /

Answer 2

• They are exact copies of each cell and are mostly used for growth and repair of damaged tissues

Question 3

What is the purpose of meiosis ?

Answer 3

• Its cell division for the purpose of reproduction

Question 4

Where does meiosis take place and how does the number of chromosomes change?

Answer 4

• Takes place only in the testes and ovaries
• it starts with 46 chromosomes and reduces to 23 after meiosis

Question 5

What is the Epididymis ?

Answer 5

• It is where the sperm matures

Question 6

What is the Vas deferens ?

Answer 6

• It passes into the abdominal cavity , where it passes sperm into the ejaculatory duct then the urethra

Question 7

How does Seminal vesicles contribute to male reproductive organs ?

Answer 7

• contribute nutrients and fluid to semen

Question 8

How does prostate gland contribute to male reproductive organs ?

Answer 8

• contributes fluid to semen

Question 9

How does Bulbourethral glands contribute to male reproductive organs ?

Answer 9

• Contribute mucus containing fluid to semen

Question 10

What is semen produced by?

Answer 10

• Two seminal vesicles , the prostate glad and two bulbourethral glands

Question 11

What does semen contain ?

Answer 11

• Sugar fructose which serves as an energy source q

Question 12

What happens to a penis during sexual arousal ?

Answer 12

• Autonomic nerves release Nitric oxide which relaxes blood vessels
• This then leads to production of cGMP ( cyclic guanosine monophosphate which causes smooth muscle of incoming arterial walls to relax , then erectile tissues fill with blood

Question 13

what is erectile dysfunction , how can it be caused ?

Answer 13

• Inability to achieve or maintain an erection
• May be caused by poor blood flow , certain medications and many illnesses

Question 14

Where are the testes initially produced ?

Answer 14

• begin development in the abdominal cavity and descend into scrotum the last 2 months of fetal development.

Question 15

What happens if the testes do not descend ?

Answer 15

• Sterility usually occurs , which is the inability to produce offspring

Question 16

What are seminiferous tubules ?

Answer 16

• In testes they have compartments called lobules and each of which contains seminiferous tubules

Question 17

What is the Spermatogenesis and where does it occur ?

Answer 17

• The production of sperm
• Occurs in the seminiferous tubules

Question 18

How does the production of sperm occur ?

Answer 18

• Firstly the spermatogonia divide to produce primary spermatocytes (2n) which undergo meiosis I to produce secondary spermatocytes (n) , these then undergo meiosis II to produce four spermatids (n) which then mature in the testes

Question 19

What do Sertoli cells do ?

Answer 19

• They support , nourish and regulate the process of spermatogenesis

Question 20

What are the three parts of sperm ?

Answer 20

• head , middle piece and tail

Question 21

What is in the middle piece of a sperm ?

Answer 21

• Mitochondria in the middle piece provides energy for the movement of the tail which is a flagellum

Question 22

What does the head of a sperm contain ?

Answer 22

• A nucleus covered by the acrosome which contains enzymes needed to penetrate the egg

Question 23

What do interstitial cells (Leydig cells) produce ?

Answer 23

• They produce male sex hormones ( androgens )

Question 24

What hormones promotes the production of sperm and testosterone ?

Answer 24

• Sperm : follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Testosterone : Luteinizing hormone (LH)