Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
The longest number of mitochondria is in what part of the sperm
A
Mid part
2
Q
What phase occurs second in the menstrual cycle when the corpus luteum is releasing hormones
A
Luteal phase
3
Q
These cells help to nanny or nurse sperm along to full maturity
A
Steroli cells
4
Q
The Typical female menstrual cycle last around
A
28 days
5
Q
The lining of the uterus is called
A
Endometrium
6
Q
What gland provides milk to the newborn baby
A
Mammary glands
7
Q
A human sperm or egg contains How many chromosomes
A
23
8
Q
What is found in the penis to help to propel the contents
A
Smooth muscle tissue
9
Q
Organ used for the storage of urine
A
Urinary bladder
10
Q
The follicle which releases an egg from the ovary turns into ______ which begins releasing hormones
A
Corpus luteum
11
Q
The male sex cell
A
Sperm
12
Q
This substance feels a penis and clitoris during arousal
A
blood
13
Q
What cap on the head of the sperm contains enzymes which help it to break through the outer layer of the egg
A
The acrosome cap
14
Q
What gland secretes and alkaline fluid into the semen
A
Prostate gland
15
Q
An organ which forms in the uterus during pregnancy
A
Placenta
16
Q
The mother produces what to feed their new
A
Milk
17
Q
Female sex cell
A
Egg
18
Q
What phase of the menstrual cycle occurs first This is when a follicle is developing in an ovary
A
The follicular phase
19
Q
Both sperm and egg are haploid because they were formed by the process of
A
Meiosis
20
Q
Is produced by the breast in the first couple of days of breast-feeding it contains more protein and less fat than milk
A
Colostrum
21
Q
Fertilized eggs known as a
A
zygote
22
Q
smaller portion of a labia is called
A
Labia minora
23
Q
The name of the fluid which is ejaculated from the penis
A
Seminal fluid
24
Q
A collective term referring to all the external female genitalia
A
Vulva
25
Order to mature properly sperm must form in an environment that is
cooler than normal internal body temperature
26
This hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary is responsible for inhibiting the production of either sperm or eggs depending on the individual
FSH
27
The male copulatory organ
Pedipalp bulb
28
The female hormone which dominates in the latter portion of the menstral
Progesterone
29
This finger like structure wafts the egg cell from the ovarian into the oviduct
Fimbriae
30
Inhibin being produced as firm quantities increase in the testes is an example of a
Negative feedback
31
The birth canal also a receptacle for the penis during copulation
Vagina
32
The expulsion semen from the penis
Ejaculation
33
Tube leading from the bladder to the outside environment
Urethra
34
The production of oxytocin during labor is an example of a
Positive feedback system
35
Found at the top of the vagina this is the opening of the uterus
Cervix
36
Sometimes called the womb this is where the Fetus develops
Uterus
37
Tissue in the penis fills during arousal
Erectile tissue
38
Two tubules are the location of the spermatogenesis
seminiferous
39
This hormone is responsible For uterine contractions during labor and milk production postpartum
Oxytocin
40
Skin sack which contains the testes
Scrotum
41
Attached to the side of the tests which contains numerous tubules
Rete testis
42
The release of the lining of the uterus during the first days of the female cycle
menstruation
43
The release of an egg on day 14 of the cycle due to a surge in the leutenizing hormone
Ovulation
44
Hormones which caused the uterus to contract
Progesterone
45
Tissue in females which contains many nerve receptors analogous to the Penis in males
Clitoris
46
Membrane which may cover the opening of the vagina
Hymen
47
Paired organs which secrete fructose and prostaglandin
Seminal vesicles
48
Breast milk contains numerous ______ which can help protect newborns from various diseases
antibodies
49
Male sex hormone which induces sperm production in Male secondary sexual characteristics
Testosterone
50
Female sex organ which produces eggs and hormones
Ovaries
51
Also known as the fallopian tubes the structure leads from me over to the uterus
Oviduct
52
The uniting of the Nuclei of a sperm and egg is considered the moment of
Conception
53
Location of sperm into testosterone production
Testis
54
The hormone is released by the anterior Pituitary and causes the sex for months to release either male or female sex hormones
LH
55
This gland secretes slippery fluid sometimes referred to as pre ejaculation
Bulbouretheral gland
56
Where do the paired organs testes develop?
Testes develop from the gonads within abdomen of fetus
57
Interstitial cells
Surround the seminiferous Tubules and produce the male hormone testosterone
58
How does the sperm propel into the vas deferens
from peristaltic muscle contractions
59
What is the sperm go when it moves from storage
It moves in the epididymis and vas deference to urethra for ejaculation
60
What are the three parts of sperm
Head, mid piece and tail
61
The development of sperm involves meiosis
Spermatogenesis
62
Impotency
Is failure to become erect
63
Semen
Thick whitish fluid containing sperm and secretions from three organs
64
To vesicles joint to vas deferens, it’s secretion are added to Seaman at the time of ejaculation
Seminal vesicles
65
Secretion of fructose
For ATP production
66
Hormones that cause uterus to contract and help propel the sperm
Secretion of prostaglandins
67
What are secondary sexual characteristics in men
Hair growth in the nether regions and face, muscle growth and voice change
68
Ovaries
To egg shapes on each side of the uterus and pelvic abdominal cavity. They produce eggs and the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone
69
Oviducts
Tubes to the uterus and extend from near ovaries into the uterus they sweep eggs Up from ovaries using fimbriae
70
Uterus
Thick walled muscular hollow pear-shaped organ for nurturing embryo opening and service leads to vagina lies on top of the bladder
71
mons pubis
Female fatty prominent under pubic hair
72
Clitoris
Erectile organ/tissue
73
What are the three hormones during the menstrual cycle
The GNRH (gonadotrophic releasing hormone), the LH (luteinizing hormone), the FSH (follicule stimulating hormone)
74
FSH
Causes the stimulation of the follicle to develop secreting estrogen
75
LH
The release of an egg from the follicle this is called ovulation
76
Where more FSH and LH to be secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and therefore more estrogen secreted by the follicle
GNRH
77
If levels of estrogen are above homeostatic concentration this will exert
Negative feedback on the hypothalamus and anterior to Pituitary gland
78
Positive feedback is involved when
13 is at the metro cycle so that Ovulation will occur on day 14
79
Negative feedback is involved when
When concentration of estrogen and progesterone lower resulting in menstruation
80
Are the two main phases of menstrual cycle
The follicular phase and the luteal phase
81
Estrogen steroid hormone is produced by what
The ovaries
82
What does estrogen do
Stimulates growth of ovaries and uterus at puberty, works with progesterone for breast development, responsible for secondary sex characteristics, responsible for uterine cycle and matures egg during follicular phase
83
Ovarian cycle
Lowes levels of female hormones and blood from days 1 to 5, FSH levels increase days 6 to 13, causes a follicle temperature makes more estrogen, secretes a large amount of GNRH leading to an LH surge day 13 causes ovulation at day 14. Negative feedback by estrogen on FSH and follicular phase, Day 15 to 28 corpus luteum makes increasing amount of progesterone, hi progesterone cause negative control over interior pituitary secretions of LH causing corpus luteum to degenerate as luteal phase and menstration occurs
84
Uterine cycle
Low levels of female hormones cause menstruation day 1 to 5 endometrium breaks down, day 6 to 13 the rising levels of estrogen make the endometrium thicken and become vascular and glandular. The endometrium rebuild itself, days 15 to 28 progesterone makes end meet you I’m double in thickness, uterine glands mature and release thick mucoid secretion. As corpus luteum degenerates progesterone secretion decreases this causes maturation to occur again
85
Fertilization
Occurs in the fallopian tube, only one will fertilize the egg. The dark roast some releases it and I am which breaks through the outer layer of the egg. The plasma membrane of the egg and sperm fuse and the nucleus from the sperm enters the egg. Finally the sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus which will cause conception this individual is called a zygote
86
Implantation
Occurs within a few days of fertilization. Since the developing offspring needs to grow in the uterus and disturbed, the usual menstruation of cycle must be interrupted for nine months
87
What do outer layers of the embryo cell produce
Human chorionic Gandotrophic hormones HCG Which means the corpus luteum so that progesterone and estrogen continue to be produced
88
where is oxytocin made and stored?
oxytocin is made in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary.
89
what triggers childbirth?
prostaglandins and oxytocin from mothers pituitary gland: both hormones can induce labor.
90
oxytocin has a
positive feedback loop
91
breasts contain?
1-2 dozen alveoli, each with many mammary ducts ending in blind sacs
92
pigment around the nipple, lacks hair and sweat glands but has saliva resistant lubricants
areola
93
alveoli
blind sacs
94
why do boobs have saliva resistant lubricants
babies saliva would dissolve it
95
prolactin
hormone stimulates alveoli to produce milk a couple days after delivery
96
what structures complete semen?
the prostate gland, the seminal fluid and the bulbourethral
97
what's the difference between fertilization and pregnancy
fertilization is the act or process of rendering fertile and pregnancy is the condition of being pregnant.
98
differences between sperm and egg
sperm is motile, smallest cell and X&Y chromosome. the egg is non motile, largest cell and X chromosomes.
99
why keep your ovaries if you aren't reproducing?
protect you from heart disease
100
what's the secondary role after ovulation?
oocyte or ovum may implant there 6–12 days
101
labia minora is the male
scrotum
102
testes are the female
ovaries
103
ciltoris is the male
penis
104
order of sperm to vagina
sperm enters vagina and avoids vaginal acid and immune response, they contact cervical musus and enter the cervix, then into the uterus.
105
Fallopian tube is also known as a
oviduct
106
where is sperm made (spermatogenesis)
develops in the testes in tiny tubes called seminiferous tubules.
107
dominant hormone in follicular phase?
estrogen
108
dominant hormone in luteal phase?
progesterone
109
Inhibin
secreted by the gonads, that inhibit the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland.
110
positive feedback hormone?
oxytocin
111
negative feedback hormone?
thyroid hormone
112
sperm leaves male route
sperm gets expelled from he tail of epidemics into the vas deferens, then travels up to the spermarie and into the pelvic cavity over the ureter to prostate behind the bladder.
113
what happened leading up to pregnancy
you produce more blood causing you blue veins to be more prominent.
114
what dilates during pregnancy
cervix
