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Biology 12 > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

How many blood vessels are there

A

20

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2
Q

How many arteries are there

A

9

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3
Q

How many veins are there

A

11

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4
Q

All nine types of arteries are called

A

Pulmonary artery, mesenteric artery, subclavian artery, coronary artery, Lliac Artery, aorta, renal artery, carotid artery, umbilical artery

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5
Q

All 11 types of veins are called

A

Hepatic portal vein, renal vein, Lilic van, hepatic vein, superior vena cava, pulmonary vein, umbilical vein, coronary band, jugular vein, inferior vena cava, Subclavian vein

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6
Q

What is a hepatic portal vein

A

The blood goes from the small intestine to the liver it is deoxygenated blood the nutrients levels are high and the waist levels are high

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7
Q

What is the renal vein

A

It goes from the kidneys to the heart it is deoxygenated blood it has low nutrients and it has low waste

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8
Q

What is the Iliac vein

A

Goes from legs to heart it’s deoxygenated blood it has low nutrients in it has high waste

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9
Q

What is the pulmonary artery

A

Goes from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs it is deoxygenated blood and it has high nutrients and high waste

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10
Q

What is the Mesentric artery

A

It goes from the Left ventricle of the heart to the small intestines it’s oxygenated blood It has low nutrients and low waist

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11
Q

What is the subclavian artery

A

Goes from the left ventricle of the heart to the arms and hands it is oxygenated blood it has high nutrient and it has the low waist

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12
Q

What is the coronary artery

A

Goes from the left ventricle of the heart to the heart muscle it is oxygenated blood it has high nutrients and it has low waste

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13
Q

What is the iliac artery

A

Goes from the left and two of the heart the legs it is oxygenated blood it has high nutrients and it has low waist

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14
Q

What is the hepatic vein

A

Goes from the liver to the heart it is your oxygenated blood it has high nutrients and it has low waist

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15
Q

What is the superior vena cava

A

It goes from the head and the arms to the right atrium of the heart and it is deoxygenated blood it has low nutrients in it has high waist

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16
Q

What is the aorta

A

Goes from the heart to major arteries is oxygenated blood it has high nutrients and low waist

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17
Q

What is the Renal artery

A

Goes from the heart to the kidneys it is oxygenated blood it has high nutrients and high waist

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18
Q

What is the pulmonary vein

A

Goes from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart it has oxygenated blood it is high nutrients and low waist

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19
Q

What is the carotid artery

A

Go to from the heart to the head it is oxygenated blood it is high in nutrients and low waist

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20
Q

What is the jugular vein

A

Goes from the head To the heart it is deoxygenated blood it has low nutrients and high waist

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21
Q

What is the umbilical vein

A

Goes from the moms placenta to the fetus his heart is oxygenated blood it has high nutrients and low waist

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22
Q

What is a coronary vein

A

Goes from the heart muscle to the right atrium of the heart it is deoxygenated blood and it has low nutrients and high waist

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23
Q

What is the inferior vena cava

A

Goes from the lower body to the right atrium of the heart it is deoxygenated blood it has low nutrients and high waist

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24
Q

What is the umbilical artery

A

Goes from the fetus and back to the Mom’s placenta it is deoxygenated blood and it has low nutrients and high waste

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25
What is the subclavian vein
Goes from the arms to the heart it is deoxygenated blood and it has low nutrients and high waste
26
Arteries are usually what
Oxygenated except for the pulmonary artery, The umbilical artery
27
Veins are usually
Deoxygenated except for the pulmonary vein, the umbilical vein
28
The multicellular organisms rely on ______ to bring nutrients and waste away from the cells
The circulatory system
29
What is the circulatory System consist of
The heart, blood vessels
30
What is the heart
Four chamber organ that is made up of mostly cardiac muscles. It’s a very muscular organ about the size of your fist. the heart is covered by the pericardium/ pericardial sac Which are formed by epithelial and fibrosis tissues. The sack encloses the heart and is filled with Lubricating fluid
31
What do cardiac muscles do in the heart
which allows it to contract and relax pumping blood to other blood vessels
32
What are blood vessels used for
Transport to the blood from the heart to the tissues and then back to the heart
33
What do capillaries do
Connect the arteries to the venules, And exchange materials with the tissue
34
What do arteries do
Carry blood away from the heart
35
what do veins do
Carry blood towards the heart
36
How can you get blood clots
By sitting for long periods of time for example long fights
37
Pulmonary circulation takes place on what side of the heart
Right side of the heart, pumps blood to the lungs
38
Systematic circulation forms on what side of the heart
The left side of the heart, pumps blood to the rest of the body
39
The myoCardium
is the major portion of the heart is composed of cardiac muscle
40
Double pump
The heart acts as two separate pumps the right side pumps blood to the lungs (pulmonary) in the left side pumps blood to the rest of the body (systematic). A thick wall called the septum separates the two sides.
41
What is the septum
I think wall separating the two sides of the heart the left from the right
42
The first step of the cardiac cycle
Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium forum superior and inferior vena cava
43
Step two of the cardiac cycle
Right atrium contracts forcing blood through the right atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle
44
Third step in the cardiac cycle
Right ventricle contracts sending blood through the pulmonary semi lunar valve into the pulmonary trunk which divides the pulmonary arteries to the right and left lung
45
Step four of the cardiac cycle
Pulmonary arteries take deoxygenated blood to the lungs carpillories Where carbon dioxide diffuses out and oxygen diffuses in. The blood is now oxygenated
46
Step five of the cardiac cycle
Oxygenated blood enters the pulmonary veins, which takes the blood from the lungs to the left atrium
47
Step six of the cardiac cycle
The left atrium contracts forcing through the left atrial ventricular valve into the left ventricle
48
Step seven of the cardiac cycle
Left ventricular check contract sending blood through the aortic semi lunar valve into the aorta, which branches into all the other major arteries taking oxygenated blood to the entire body where oxygen is diffused into tissues
49
What does oxygen and deoxygenated blood never do
Mix
50
The cardiac cycle
Seven steps that don’t happen in linear sequence instead both atrias contract Simultaneously and both ventricles contract simultaneously
51
The heartbeat
Two phases of the heartbeat are the atrial contractions in the ventricle contractions. These two faces make the sound LUB, DUB. LUB going downward and DUB going upward. The heartbeats about 70 times per minute and about 100,000 times a day and an average adult
52
What’s the first phase of the heartbeat
The Atria are contracting in the ventricles are relaxing
53
Second phase of the heartbeat
The ventricles are contracting and the atria are relaxing
54
LUB
Is the closing of the atrioventricular valves
55
DUBB
Is the closing of the semi lunar valve’s
56
Systole and diastole
The contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle
57
What controls the heartbeat
The heartbeat is said to be intrinsic meaning The heart cells beat without nerves like the brain telling them what to do. The heart contains nodal regions meaning SA node, AV node, purkinje fibers.
58
Nodal tissue
Both muscular and nervous tissue properties the hearts special tissue
59
Larger blood vessel which carries blood back to the heart
Vein
60
The chamber of heart which receives blood from the rest of the body
Right atrium
61
Smaller vessels That carry blood away from the heart
Arterioles
62
Receives blood returning from the lungs
Left atrium
63
Large vessel that carries blood away from the heart
Arteries
64
Sound made by the heart valves during atrial contractions
LUB
65
Oxygenated blood is found on what side of the heart
Left
66
Contractions in these muscles help to push blood through the veins and back the heart
Skeletal muscle
67
What Note receives signals from the SA node and initiate ventricular contraction, located in the Koch triangle, near the coronary sinus on the interatrial septum.
AV
68
The heart is able to beat with out the control of the brain therefore the heartbeat is
Intrinsic
69
Relaxation of the heart muscle lowest artrial blood pressure
Diastolic pressure
70
Largest artery in the body
Aorta
71
Membrane which surrounds the heart
Pericardium
72
Smaller blood vessels which carry blood back to the heart
Venules
73
The pulmonary artery carries blood to what
Lungs
74
Circulation occurs on the right side of the heart
Pulmonary circulation
75
What returns blood from the parts of the body that are below the heart
Inferior vena cava
76
Percentage of blood in the arteries at only one time
20%
77
The most muscular of the heart chambers is the
Left Ventricle
78
What valve separates the right atrium and ventricle
The Right atrioventricular valve
79
These Veins return blood from the head
Jugular veins
80
Pressure created by the presence of salt and plasma protein found in blood
osmotic pressure
81
What node it is known as the pacemaker and initiates the heartbeat in the junction of the crista terminalis in the upper wall of the right atrium and the opening of the superior vena cava
SA
82
How many layers of tissue are in arteries
3
83
Device used to measure blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer
84
At its Lowest in the venules and veins
blood pressure
85
Structures and veins which prevent the backflow of blood
Valves
86
Tiny blood vessels which deliver nutrients to individual cells
capillaries
87
Returns blood from the parts of the body that are above the heart
Superior vena cava
88
The wall that divides the two parts of the heart
Septum
89
Another name for the left atrial ventricular Valve
Bicuspid valve
90
Total cross-sectional area for blood vessels is highest in
Capillery beds
91
Fiber is carrying the electrical signal down the ventricles to initiate contraction
Purkinje
92
Arteries in the pelvic region
Iliac
93
Muscles can contract to stop the blood flow to capillary beds in certain areas of the body
Precapillary sphincters
94
Capillaries are how many layers thick in order to allow most efficient transport of materials across their walls
One
95
Circulation occurs on the left side of the heart
systematic circulation
97
The expansion and recoiling of the blood vessels during systole
Pulse
100
Maximum contraction of the ventricles highest blood pressure
Systole
101
What valve prevents backflow of blood as the right ventricle contracts to pump blood to the lungs
Pulmonary semi lunar valve
103
Substances tend to move in the cells on what side of the capillaries
The atrial side
104
Substances tend to move out of the cell and into the blood vessels on what side of the capillaries
Venus side
106
Affected by stress, oxygen levels, exercise and blood pressure
Heart rate
107
Where are blood leaves the left ventricle
The aortic arch
108
One of the layers found in the arteries which allows them to stretch during a pulse
Elastin
109
Fetal circulation
Fetus does not breathe or eat any nutrients on its own it gets all of its oxygen and nutrients from the Mom. The materials enter the fetus through the umbilical vein.
110
Amnionic fluid
Fluid filled inside the mothers womb
111
The five steps of fetal modifications
Number one oval opening, number to Arterial duct, Number three umbilical artery’s, number four Umbilical vein, number five venous duct
112
1 ) Oval opening (foramen oval)
Located between the two atria covered by a flat, the function is the blood passes from the right atrium over to the left atrium bypassing the pulmonary circulation.
113
2) Arterial duct (ductus arteriosus)
Located connects the pulmonary artery with Aorta, Functions by directing the blood being pumped the long straight to the aorta bypassing the pulmonary circulation
114
3) Umbilical arteries and 4) veins
Located in blood vessels that travel to and from the placenta, they function a membrane shared by the mom and baby where are the exchange of nutrients and waste occurs
115
5) Venous duct (ductus venousus)
Located in the connection umbilical vein to the vena cava, It functions bypassing blood from the umbilical vein hi nutrients, bypassing the lever to the vena cava to the heart
116
what part of the heart beat is under the nervous control?
the speed of the heart beat
117
blood pressure accounts for blood flow in
arteries, aristoles
118
skeletal muscle contractions account for blood flow in
venues, veins
119
medulla oblongata
brains hear rate centre, it can speed up or slow down the heart rate, by the autonumic nervous system
120
what areas or common places to check for a pulse
the radial and cartoid arteries
121
the ventricles relaxing lowest arterial pressure
diastolic pressure
122
120/80
120 is systolic pressure, 80 is diastolic pressure
123
when does blood pressure increase
when physical activity increases due to need for oxygen and food to muscles
124
hypotension
chronic low blood pressure
125
hypertension
chronic high blood pressure
126
atherosclerosis
a form of arteriosclerosis, its the hardening of arteries caused by cholesterol plaque deposits. occurring usually in the coronary, carotid, aortic, led arteries.
127
stroke
a portion of the brain dies due to lack of oxygen. caused by a blocked or ruptured arteriole
128
heart attack
when a portion of the heart dies due to lack of oxygen, caused by a blocked coronary artery.
129
thrombus
stationary clot attached to an arterial wall
130
embolus
thumbs that is dislodged and moves with blood, eventually getting stuck and entirely blocks flow of blood in a small vessel.
131
varicose veins
abnormal or irregular dilations in superficial veins, especially in Lower legs. due to weakened valves in the veins
132
hemorrhoids
varicose veins in the rectum
133
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein. if the blood in the inflammation clots a thromboembolism occurs.
134
How does cross sectional area affect blood flow?
As the total cross-sectional area of the vessels increases, the velocity of flow decreases
135
why does your heart make a noise when it beats
these sounds are caused by the closing of valves inside your heart.
136
pericardium
is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels
137
order of circulation
Blood enters the heart through two large veins – the posterior (inferior) and the anterior (superior) vena cava – carrying deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium. Blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve
138
baby with blue skin
oval opening not closed
139
differences between fetal circulation and normal circulation
Fetal circulation bypasses the lungs via a shunt known as the ductus arteriosus; the liver is also bypassed via the ductus venosus and blood can travel from the right atrium to the left atrium via the foramen ovale.
140
why does speed drop in capillaries
they are further from the heart
141
uria
a waste product, kidneys clean waste
142
what helps move blood from the veins
skeletal muscle pump
143
what vessels have high nutrients and waste in fetal circulation
blood vessels

Biology 12 (7 decks)

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