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Biology 12 > Bio Chemistry > Flashcards

Bio Chemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

protons have a _______ charge.

A

positive

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2
Q

electrons have a _______ charge.

A

negative

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3
Q

neutrons have a _______ charge.

A

neutral

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4
Q

how many electrons can fit in the second electron orbital?

A

8

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5
Q

the atomic number indicates the number of?

A

protons

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6
Q

an isotope is a variant of an element which has a different number of?

A

neutrons

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7
Q

an ion is a charged version of an atom which has a different number of ______ than an atoms.

A

electrons

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8
Q

the strongest chemical bonds are?

A

covalent bonds

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9
Q

the weakest chemical bonds are?

A

ionic bonds

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10
Q

hydrogen and carbon MUST be present in any ______ chemical compounds.

A

organic

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11
Q

water is known as a universal?

A

solvent

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12
Q

water forms ______ bonds between its molecules.

A

hydrogen

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13
Q

acids release _______ ions into solution.

A

H+

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14
Q

bases release _______ ions into a solution.

A

OH-

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15
Q

what do buffers do?

A

help keep PH constant.

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16
Q

hydrogen bonds are?

A

weak

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17
Q

covalent bonds are?

A

strong

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18
Q

ionics bonds are?

A

weak

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19
Q

in dehydration synthesis, two sub-units are?

A

joined together

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20
Q

in hydrolysis, two sub-units are?

A

separated

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21
Q

buffers hold _____ constant.

A

PH

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22
Q

in a diagram of an organic molecule, a side chain can be represented by the letter?

A

R

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23
Q

carbon can form ______ single bonds with other substances.

A

4

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24
Q

the subunits that makeup proteins are called?

A

amino acids

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25
Q

a side chain on an amino acid can be abbreviated by the letter?

A

R

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26
Q

the prefix “poly” means?

A

many

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27
Q

there are ___ different amino acids.

A

20

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28
Q

how many amino acids are in dipeptide?

A

2

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29
Q

which level of protein structure can take the form of an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet?

A

secondary

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30
Q

which level of protein structure is characterized by folding into a 3D “globular form”?

A

tertiary

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31
Q

which level of protein structure develops from the sequence in which animo acids link together?

A

primary

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32
Q

which level of protein structure results from multiple proteins lining together to form a larger structure.

A

quaternary

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33
Q

proteins can be dentures by?

A

high temp, PH above and below the normal range, heavy metal ions.

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34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE? denaturing of a protein can be reversed by simply returning the environmental conditions back to normal?

A

FALSE

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35
Q

enzymes are made from?

A

protein

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36
Q

if a substance had a chemical formula C12 H24 O12, this substance would be a?

A

carbohydrate

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37
Q

which substance is made up of two sugar subunits?

A

disaccharide

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38
Q

starch is a?

A

polysaccharide

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39
Q

glucose is a?

A

monosaccaride

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40
Q

maltose is a?

A

disaccharide

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41
Q

in a polysaccharide, the subunits are joined together by

A

dehydration synthesis

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42
Q

bond direction reversing between every second subunit is a characteristic of?

A

beta linkage

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43
Q

which nucleic acid has a double helix structure?

A

DNA

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44
Q

which nucleotide is the energy currency of the cell?

A

adenosine triphosphate

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45
Q

a nucleotide is composed of?

A

a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group and a pentose sugar.

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46
Q

a polymer made up of many amino acids joined together?

A

polypeptide

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47
Q

a fatty acid which has no double bonds between carbon atoms us called?

A

saturated fatty acid

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48
Q

soap is one the of ______ which is a substances which helps breaks down large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets to help mix with water.

A

emulsifier

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49
Q

a nucleic acid which is single stranded?

A

RNA

50
Q

this process breaks bonds between subunits in organic polymers?

A

hydrolysis

51
Q

the carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls in plants?

A

cellulose

52
Q

another name or fat?

A

lipid

53
Q

the storage form of carbohydrate in plants.

A

starch

54
Q

a PH above 7.0 is considered

A

basic

55
Q

this element is common in living organisms, can form up to four bonds with other substances.

A

carbon

56
Q

forms when two glucose molecules are joined together.

A

maltose

57
Q

________ are lipids which contains four rings in their chemical structure.

A

steroids

58
Q

a six carbon sugar?

A

glucose, hexose

59
Q

the subunit which makes up nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

60
Q

a five carbon sugar?

A

nucleotide, pentose

61
Q

a PH below 7.0 is considered?

A

acidic

62
Q

a fatty acid which contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms is called?

A

unsaturated fatty acid

63
Q

carbohydrates help provide us with?

A

energy

64
Q

a special kind of nucleotide which is used to transmit energy within living organisms,

A

ATP

65
Q

a PH of 7.0 is considered?

A

neutral

66
Q

excessive _____ cause a protein to lose its 3D shape.

A

heat

67
Q

the term for a protein losing its three dimensional shape.

A

denaturation

68
Q

a neutral fat that contained glycerol and only ONE fatty acid chain would be called ______ glyceride.

A

monoglyceride

69
Q

A substance which helps hold the pH of a solution relatively constant

A

Buffer

70
Q

the storage form of carbohydrate in animals.

A

glycogen

71
Q

this is the sequence of three atoms which is characteristics of an amino acids.

A

NCC

72
Q

Acidity is created by an excess of ____ ions in solution.

A

H+

73
Q

A carbon hydrate made up of many subunits?

A

Polysaccharide

74
Q

______ are a type of lipid that make up a significant portion of the cell membrane.

A

Phospholipids

75
Q

Water is a good solvent because it’s molecules are?

A

Polar

76
Q

A carbohydrate made up of one subunit

A

Monosaccharide (simple sugars)

77
Q

The process creates bonds between subunits in organic polymer’s

A

Dehydration synthesis

78
Q

The subunit that makes up polypeptides

A

amino acids

79
Q

A 2 to 1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is a characteristic of?

A

Carbon hydrate

80
Q

A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

A

PH

81
Q

What type of carbohydrate used in cells

A

Glucose

82
Q

A carbohydrate made up of two subunits

A

Disaccharide

83
Q

Hydrogen bonds are

A

weak bonds

84
Q

The level of protein structure occurs when two or more proteins join within each other to form a larger proteins

A

Quaternary

85
Q

A molecule made up of two amino acid Joined together

A

Dipeptide

86
Q

Level proteins structure occurs when the pro team gets shuffled upon itself creating a 3-D shape

A

tertiary

87
Q

The storage form of carbohydrate and animals

A

Glycogen

88
Q

This is the sequence of three Atoms which Is characteristics of an amino acid

A

Tripeptide

89
Q

Which elements are most often found in organic molecules?

A

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

90
Q

Which element is normally found in amino acids and nucleotides

A

Nitrogen

91
Q

Which are the four Major Classes in biological molecules

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, Nucleic acids, proteins

92
Q

Which of the four biological molecules , Which one is most involved with energy in the body

A

Carbon hydrates

93
Q

Which four types of biological molecules form enzymes

A

Proteins

94
Q

Which of the four biological molecules make up genes

A

Nucleic acids

95
Q

Which of the four biological molecules is involve primarily an energy storage

A

Lipids

96
Q

When many sugar molecules are joined together

A

Polysaccharide results

97
Q

When many amino acids join together

A

A neutral fat is resulted

98
Q

When many nucleotides are joined together

A

Nucleic acid results

99
Q

The bonds between amino acids in a polypeptide are

A

Peptide bonds

100
Q

If you see NCCNCC twice its

A

Dipeptide

101
Q

Isotopes have the same number of _____ but a different number of ___

A

Protons, neutrons

102
Q

ATP is a ____ Association with energy in the body

A

Nucleotide

103
Q

Glucose is found in which molecules

A

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

104
Q

biological molecules?

A

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.

105
Q

polymerization?

A

how a chain of amino acids is linked together to form a protein

106
Q

how many amino acids are a protein?

A

50-75 amino acids

107
Q

what are the four levels of protein structure?

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary.

108
Q

protein functions?

A

structural, enzymes, hormones, blood proteins, movement, antibodies

109
Q

glucose is formed by

A

starch + h20, cellulose + h20 and glycogen + h20

110
Q

common types of lipids?

A

fatty acids, neutral fats, phospholipids, steroids.

111
Q

What is the name of the portion of the three Pronged molecule In the head region of the Phospholipid?

A

glycerol

112
Q

If a dipeptide was Broke down into Two amino acids, This reaction would be a result of

A

Hydrolysis

113
Q

Triglycerides are made up of

A

Fatty acids

114
Q

An emulsifier increases the surface area of

A

Lipids

115
Q

Do you need contains all of The nitrogen bases expect

A

Urisal

116
Q

RNA contains all of the nitrogenous bases except for

A

Thymine

117
Q

A honeycomb looking structure is a

A

Steroid

118
Q

Of a protein is determined by its shape the shape is determined by

A

Tertiary structure

119
Q

The nucleotide that’s the energy currency in the body

A

ATP

120
Q

WhAt reaction joins two glucose molecules together?

A

Dehydration synthesis

121
Q

The of all simple sugars end with the suffix?

A

Ose

Biology 12 (7 decks)

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