Bio Chemistry Flashcards
1
Q
protons have a _______ charge.
A
positive
2
Q
electrons have a _______ charge.
A
negative
3
Q
neutrons have a _______ charge.
A
neutral
4
Q
how many electrons can fit in the second electron orbital?
A
8
5
Q
the atomic number indicates the number of?
A
protons
6
Q
an isotope is a variant of an element which has a different number of?
A
neutrons
7
Q
an ion is a charged version of an atom which has a different number of ______ than an atoms.
A
electrons
8
Q
the strongest chemical bonds are?
A
covalent bonds
9
Q
the weakest chemical bonds are?
A
ionic bonds
10
Q
hydrogen and carbon MUST be present in any ______ chemical compounds.
A
organic
11
Q
water is known as a universal?
A
solvent
12
Q
water forms ______ bonds between its molecules.
A
hydrogen
13
Q
acids release _______ ions into solution.
A
H+
14
Q
bases release _______ ions into a solution.
A
OH-
15
Q
what do buffers do?
A
help keep PH constant.
16
Q
hydrogen bonds are?
A
weak
17
Q
covalent bonds are?
A
strong
18
Q
ionics bonds are?
A
weak
19
Q
in dehydration synthesis, two sub-units are?
A
joined together
20
Q
in hydrolysis, two sub-units are?
A
separated
21
Q
buffers hold _____ constant.
A
PH
22
Q
in a diagram of an organic molecule, a side chain can be represented by the letter?
A
R
23
Q
carbon can form ______ single bonds with other substances.
A
4
24
Q
the subunits that makeup proteins are called?
A
amino acids
25
a side chain on an amino acid can be abbreviated by the letter?
R
26
the prefix "poly" means?
many
27
there are ___ different amino acids.
20
28
how many amino acids are in dipeptide?
2
29
which level of protein structure can take the form of an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet?
secondary
30
which level of protein structure is characterized by folding into a 3D "globular form"?
tertiary
31
which level of protein structure develops from the sequence in which animo acids link together?
primary
32
which level of protein structure results from multiple proteins lining together to form a larger structure.
quaternary
33
proteins can be dentures by?
high temp, PH above and below the normal range, heavy metal ions.
34
TRUE OR FALSE? denaturing of a protein can be reversed by simply returning the environmental conditions back to normal?
FALSE
35
enzymes are made from?
protein
36
if a substance had a chemical formula C12 H24 O12, this substance would be a?
carbohydrate
37
which substance is made up of two sugar subunits?
disaccharide
38
starch is a?
polysaccharide
39
glucose is a?
monosaccaride
40
maltose is a?
disaccharide
41
in a polysaccharide, the subunits are joined together by
dehydration synthesis
42
bond direction reversing between every second subunit is a characteristic of?
beta linkage
43
which nucleic acid has a double helix structure?
DNA
44
which nucleotide is the energy currency of the cell?
adenosine triphosphate
45
a nucleotide is composed of?
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group and a pentose sugar.
46
a polymer made up of many amino acids joined together?
polypeptide
47
a fatty acid which has no double bonds between carbon atoms us called?
saturated fatty acid
48
soap is one the of ______ which is a substances which helps breaks down large fat droplets into smaller fat droplets to help mix with water.
emulsifier
49
a nucleic acid which is single stranded?
RNA
50
this process breaks bonds between subunits in organic polymers?
hydrolysis
51
the carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls in plants?
cellulose
52
another name or fat?
lipid
53
the storage form of carbohydrate in plants.
starch
54
a PH above 7.0 is considered
basic
55
this element is common in living organisms, can form up to four bonds with other substances.
carbon
56
forms when two glucose molecules are joined together.
maltose
57
________ are lipids which contains four rings in their chemical structure.
steroids
58
a six carbon sugar?
glucose, hexose
59
the subunit which makes up nucleic acids
nucleotides
60
a five carbon sugar?
nucleotide, pentose
61
a PH below 7.0 is considered?
acidic
62
a fatty acid which contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms is called?
unsaturated fatty acid
63
carbohydrates help provide us with?
energy
64
a special kind of nucleotide which is used to transmit energy within living organisms,
ATP
65
a PH of 7.0 is considered?
neutral
66
excessive _____ cause a protein to lose its 3D shape.
heat
67
the term for a protein losing its three dimensional shape.
denaturation
68
a neutral fat that contained glycerol and only ONE fatty acid chain would be called ______ glyceride.
monoglyceride
69
A substance which helps hold the pH of a solution relatively constant
Buffer
70
the storage form of carbohydrate in animals.
glycogen
71
this is the sequence of three atoms which is characteristics of an amino acids.
NCC
72
Acidity is created by an excess of ____ ions in solution.
H+
73
A carbon hydrate made up of many subunits?
Polysaccharide
74
______ are a type of lipid that make up a significant portion of the cell membrane.
Phospholipids
75
Water is a good solvent because it’s molecules are?
Polar
76
A carbohydrate made up of one subunit
Monosaccharide (simple sugars)
77
The process creates bonds between subunits in organic polymer’s
Dehydration synthesis
78
The subunit that makes up polypeptides
amino acids
79
A 2 to 1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is a characteristic of?
Carbon hydrate
80
A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
PH
81
What type of carbohydrate used in cells
Glucose
82
A carbohydrate made up of two subunits
Disaccharide
83
Hydrogen bonds are
weak bonds
84
The level of protein structure occurs when two or more proteins join within each other to form a larger proteins
Quaternary
85
A molecule made up of two amino acid Joined together
Dipeptide
86
Level proteins structure occurs when the pro team gets shuffled upon itself creating a 3-D shape
tertiary
87
The storage form of carbohydrate and animals
Glycogen
88
This is the sequence of three Atoms which Is characteristics of an amino acid
Tripeptide
89
Which elements are most often found in organic molecules?
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
90
Which element is normally found in amino acids and nucleotides
Nitrogen
91
Which are the four Major Classes in biological molecules
Carbohydrates, lipids, Nucleic acids, proteins
92
Which of the four biological molecules , Which one is most involved with energy in the body
Carbon hydrates
93
Which four types of biological molecules form enzymes
Proteins
94
Which of the four biological molecules make up genes
Nucleic acids
95
Which of the four biological molecules is involve primarily an energy storage
Lipids
96
When many sugar molecules are joined together
Polysaccharide results
97
When many amino acids join together
A neutral fat is resulted
98
When many nucleotides are joined together
Nucleic acid results
99
The bonds between amino acids in a polypeptide are
Peptide bonds
100
If you see NCCNCC twice its
Dipeptide
101
Isotopes have the same number of _____ but a different number of ___
Protons, neutrons
102
ATP is a ____ Association with energy in the body
Nucleotide
103
Glucose is found in which molecules
Starch, glycogen, cellulose
104
biological molecules?
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids.
105
polymerization?
how a chain of amino acids is linked together to form a protein
106
how many amino acids are a protein?
50-75 amino acids
107
what are the four levels of protein structure?
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary.
108
protein functions?
structural, enzymes, hormones, blood proteins, movement, antibodies
109
glucose is formed by
starch + h20, cellulose + h20 and glycogen + h20
110
common types of lipids?
fatty acids, neutral fats, phospholipids, steroids.
111
What is the name of the portion of the three Pronged molecule In the head region of the Phospholipid?
glycerol
112
If a dipeptide was Broke down into Two amino acids, This reaction would be a result of
Hydrolysis
113
Triglycerides are made up of
Fatty acids
114
An emulsifier increases the surface area of
Lipids
115
Do you need contains all of The nitrogen bases expect
Urisal
116
RNA contains all of the nitrogenous bases except for
Thymine
117
A honeycomb looking structure is a
Steroid
118
Of a protein is determined by its shape the shape is determined by
Tertiary structure
119
The nucleotide that’s the energy currency in the body
ATP
120
WhAt reaction joins two glucose molecules together?
Dehydration synthesis
121
The of all simple sugars end with the suffix?
Ose
