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YEAR 3 REVISION > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

How is the vagina lubricated?

A

Mucus secreted by the greater vestibular glands

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2
Q

How long does it take an oocyte to reach the uterus?

A

3-4 days

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3
Q

How does the oocyte move into the fallopian tubes?

A

Undulating fimbraie

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4
Q

What are the layers of the uterus called?

A
  • Endometrium (inner)
  • Myometrium (middle)
  • Perimetrium (outer)
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5
Q

What holds the uterus in place?

A
  • Uterosacral ligament

- Round ligament

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6
Q

Where does implantation occur?

A

Endometrium

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7
Q

Which layer contracts during labour?

A

Myometrium

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8
Q

What is the function of the perimetrium?

A

Protects the uterus from friction

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9
Q

Describe the life cycle of follicles

A
  • Contain an oocyte
  • As they mature, they grow a fluid filled area called an antrum = Graafian follicle
  • When ovulation occurs, the ruptured follicle develops into a corpus luteum
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10
Q

What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?

A
  1. Follicular phase
  2. Ovulation
  3. Luteal phase
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11
Q

Describe the follicular phase

A
  • Release of FSH and growth of primary follicles
  • Oestrogen released
  • As oestrogen increases, FSH decreases
  • 1st meiotic division
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12
Q

Describe ovulation

A
  • Critical levels of oestrogen result in the release of LH

- 2nd meiotic division occurs but is halted at metaphase II

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13
Q

Describe the luteal phase

A
  • LH forms the corpus luteum which releases oestrogen and progesterone
  • These cancel out FSH and LH
  • If fertilisation doesn’t occur, oestrogen and progesterone decrease and FSH increases to repeat the cycle
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14
Q

What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle?

A
  1. Menstrual phase
  2. Proliferative phase
  3. Secretory phase
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15
Q

Describe the menstrual phase

A
  • Functional layer of endometrium shed (menses)

- Oestrogen and progesterone low = FSH increases

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16
Q

Describe the proliferative phase

A
  • Oestrogen repairs functional endometrium

- Blood supply to endometrium increases

17
Q

Describe the secretory phase

A
  • Corpus luteum secretes oestrogen and progesterone
  • Blood and nutrients increase to support embryo
  • Corpus luteum degenerates
  • If fertilisation doesn’t occur, cell death of endometrium occurs
18
Q

When in the cycle does ovulation usually occur?

A

Day 13-15

19
Q

Name 3 female reproductive disorders

A
  1. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  2. Endometriosis
  3. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
20
Q

Describe pelvic inflammatory disease

A
  • Infection in the genital tract caused by bacteria or an STI
  • Affects uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes
  • Increases risk of ectopic pregnancy
  • Treated with antibiotics
21
Q

Describe endometriosis

A
  • Endometrial tissue found in places other than the uterus
  • Can cause infertility
  • Can’t be cured but give pain relief, reduce oestrogen to reduce endometrial growth and can have surgery to remove tissue
22
Q

What is polycystic ovary syndrome?

A
  • Cysts on ovaries
  • Causes irregular periods (which may cause anovulation) and excess androgen (which may cause excess body/facial hair etc)
  • Difficult to conceive
  • No cure
23
Q

How many times does a sex cell undergo meiosis?

A

2

24
Q

What are the 5 stages of meiosis?

A
  1. Interphase
  2. Prophase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
25
Q

What happens in interphase?

A
  • Only occurs in meiosis I

- Duplication of oogonia by mitosis

26
Q

What happens in prophase I?

A
  • Chromosomes condense
  • Homologous pairs formed
  • Crossing over
  • Spindles form
27
Q

What happens in metaphase I?

A
  • Pairs line up at the equator
  • Spindles attach to pairs
  • Random assortment
28
Q

What happens in anaphase I?

A
  • Homologous pairs are pulled apart to opposite poles
29
Q

What happens in telophase I?

A
  • Nuclear membrane reforms with 2 haploid cells
30
Q

What happens in prophase II?

A
  • Chromosomes condense
  • Nuclear envelope breaks
  • Spindles form
31
Q

What happens in metaphase II?

A
  • Chromosomes line up at the equator
  • Spindles attach to chromosomes
  • Meiosis II stops at this stage unless the egg is fertilised
32
Q

What happens in anaphase II?

A
  • Sister chromatids are pulled apart as a result of fertilisation
33
Q

What happens in telophase II?

A
  • Nuclear membrane reforms
  • Chromosomes decondense
  • Cytokinesis (cytoplasm divides into 2 daughter cells)

YEAR 3 REVISION (49 decks)

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