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YEAR 3 REVISION > Blood Grouping > Flashcards

Blood Grouping Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main blood groups?

A

A, B, AB and O

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2
Q

What antigens are present in blood group A?

A
  • Surface antigen A

- Anti-B antibodies

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3
Q

What antigens are present in blood group B?

A
  • Surface antigen B

- Anti-A antibodies

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4
Q

What antigens are present in blood group AB?

A
  • Surface antigens A and B

- Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

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5
Q

What antigens are present in blood group O?

A
  • Neither A nor B surface antigens

- Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies

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6
Q

What determines the rhesus group?

A
  • Rhesus antigen present on RBC = rhesus +ve

- Rhesus antigen absent on RBC = rhesus -ve

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of antibodies?

A
  1. Anti-A
  2. Anti-B
  3. Anti-D
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8
Q

Describe the genetics of the blood groups

A
  • A and B are co-dominant

- O is recessive

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9
Q

What is the agglutination reaction?

A

The clumping together of RBC due to an antigen-antibody reaction following blood donation

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10
Q

When is the agglutination reaction fatal?

A
  • Donor’s antibodies react with recipient’s antigens = minimal damage (dilution effect - antibodies diluted in recipient’s circulation)
  • Donor’s antigens react with recipient’s antibodies = fatal
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11
Q

What is a cross match?

A
  • Testing donor’s RBC for agglutination using recipient’s serum
  • Add recipient’s RBCs using donor’s serum
  • Result = compatibility (remains clear) or incompatibility (cloudy)
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12
Q

Which blood group is the universal donor?

A

O negative

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13
Q

Which blood group is the universal recipient?

A

AB positive

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14
Q

Which rhesus groups can be mixed?

A
  • Positive can receive positive or negative

- Negative can only receive negative

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15
Q

If a patient is group O, what red cells can they receive?

A

O only

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16
Q

If a patient is group A, what red cells can they receive?

A

A or O

17
Q

If a patient is group B, what red cells can they receive?

A

B or O

18
Q

If a patient is group AB, what red cells can they receive?

A

A, B, AB or O

19
Q

If a patient is group O, what FFP/cryoprecipitate can they receive?

A

AB, A, B or O

20
Q

If a patient is group A, what FFP/cryoprecipitate can they receive?

A

AB, A or B

21
Q

If a patient is group B, what FFP/cryoprecipitate can they receive?

A

AB, A or B

22
Q

If a patient is group AB, what FFP/cryoprecipitate can they receive?

A

AB, A or B

23
Q

Which blood product can be given where the blood group is irrelevant?

A

Platelets (but rhesus status is relevant)

24
Q

Is the patient’s blood group is unknown, what red cells can they receive?

A

O only

25
Q

Is the patient’s blood group is unknown, what FFP/ cryoprecipitate can they receive?

A

AB, A or B

26
Q

What are the components of blood?

A
  1. Formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets)

2. Plasma

27
Q

What are erythrocytes and leukocytes?

A 
Erythrocyte = RBC
Leukocyte = WBC
28
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a transfusion reaction?

A
  • Pyrexia
  • Rash
  • Hypotension
  • Increasing anxiety
  • Pain at infusion site
  • RDS
  • Dark urine
  • Tachycardia
29
Q

What are the 2 names for the condition caused by a rhesus negative mother producing antibodies due to a rhesus positive baby?

A

Rhesus Disease/ Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn

30
Q

What can rhesus disease cause in the baby?

A
  • Jaundice
  • Anaemia
  • Brain damage
  • Stillbirth
31
Q

What does the Anti-D injection do?

A

An anti-D immunoglobulin which ‘mops up’ the antibodies/ neutralises the RhD antigens on the blood cells to prevent antibodies being made (more important for subsequent pregnancies)

32
Q

When should the Anti-D injections be given?

A
  • After 27/40 bloods
  • Within 72 hours of delivery (if baby is positive)
  • After sensitisation
33
Q

What is sensitisation?

A

Rh- blood being exposed to Rh+ blood (e.g. involved in a car crash/ impact which may cause bleeding)

YEAR 3 REVISION (49 decks)

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