Reproductive System Flashcards
What is the male and female gamete known as?
Male- spermatozoa
Female- oocyte or ovum
What is produced by the male and female gonads?
Female- ovaries
Male- testis
Where does fertilisation occur?
Ampulla of uterine tube
Where does the pelvic cavity lie within?
The body pelvis
The pelvic cavity is continuous with what?
Abdominal cavity
The pelvic floor is an internal wall of what kind of muscle?
Skeletal
What does the pelvic floor separate?
Pelvic cavity and perineum
Where is the perineum found?
Inferior to the pelvic floor
What are the 3 possible openings in the pelvic floor for?
Renal, reproductive and alimentary canals
What is the pelvic roof formed by?
Parietal peritoneum
What is the most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity?
Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)
The inferior part of the parietal peritoneum forms the floor of what and the roof of what?
Floor- peritoneal cavity
Roof- over pelvic organs
Where is the vesico-uterine pouch found between?
Bladder and uterus
Where will any abnormal fluid in the peritoneal cavity collect?
Pouch of Douglas
What are the 3 female orifices of the perineum?
External urethral orifice, vaginal orifice, anus
What are the female reproductive organs?
Ovaries
What are accessory female reproductive organs?
Uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
What are the three layers of the uterus wall?
Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
Where does the ovum develop?
Ovaries
In each menstrual cycle, how many ovum are released from the ovary to where?
1 ovum released from ovary to peritoneal cavity
What moves the ova along the uterine tube?
Cilia
Where does implantation occur?
Body of the uterus
During menstruation, the contractions of what to expel the unfertilised ovum cause pain?
Myometrium of uterus wall
What gland plays an important role in regulating female hormone production?
Pituitary gland
What happens in an ectopic pregnancy?
An fertilised ovum implants NOT in the uterine cavity
Where are the common and uncommon implantations of an ectopic pregnancy?
Common- uterine tube
Uncommon- abdomen
Why is an ectopic pregnancy a medical emergency?
Danger of haemorrhage
How can STIs spread to the peritoneum and what can this cause?
Spread through the uterus and uterine tubes to the peritoneal cavity causing peritonitis
STIs can cause infertility by blocking what?
Uterine tubes
How does female steralisation work?
Uterine tubes are clipped, cut or cauterised
In what state is the anatomical position of the penis?
Erect
Where are the testes contained?
Scrotum
What passes in the urethra?
Urine and sperm
During development, the testes develop where?
The posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
By birth, the testis have descended into the scrotum through what?
The inguinal canal
What is the tube that the sperm pass through from the testis into scrotum?
Vas deferens
Where is sperm produced?
Seminiferous tubules
What muscle helps keep sperm temperature 1 degree lower than normal?
Dartos muscle
What do sperm pass into before the epididymis?
Rete testis
What does the epididymis become?
Vas deferens
Where is the Dartos muscle found?
Superficial fascia of scrotom
What gland plays an important role in regulating male hormones?
Pituitary
What vessels does the spermatic cord contain?
Vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus
What is torsion of the testis and what can it cause?
Twisting of the spermatic cord- disrupts blood supply, severe pain, danger of necrosis
What produces seminal fluid?
Seminal glands
What does the urethra do?
Drains urine from bladder and passes semen in ejaculation
How many cylinders of erectile tissue become engorged with blood during erection?
3
What are the male reproductive organs?
Testes
What are the male accessory reproductive organs?
Vas deferens, seminal glands, prostate gland and penis
Where do the sperm develop?
Testis
The sperm pass from the testes via what?
Vas deferens
What forms the ejaculatory duct?
Vas deferens and seminal gland duct
What are the components of semen?
Sperm and seminal fluid
The right and left ejaculatory ducts join where?
Within the prostate gland and then into urethra
Where does the urethra open?
External urethral meatus of penis
What is a vasectomy?
Male sterilisation
What is transected and lumen sutured closed bilaterally in a vasectomy?
Vas deferens
