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Principles Anatomy > Renal System > Flashcards

Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

What produces urine?

A

Kidney

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2
Q

What drains urine from the kidney to bladder?

A

Ureter

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3
Q

What stores/empties urine?

A

Bladder

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4
Q

What excretes urine?

A

Urethra

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5
Q

What is the name of the stretchy epithelium going from ureter to upper urethra?

A

Transitional epithelium or uroepithelium

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6
Q

What type of epithelium is the distal urethra lined by?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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7
Q

What does an upper/lower UTI involve?

A

Upper- may spread to kidneys

Lower- involves urethra and bladder

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8
Q

What parts of the urinary system are in the retroperitoneum?

A

Kidneys and proximal parts of ureters

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9
Q

What is the level of the top of the hip bones?

A

L4

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10
Q

Where ate the distal parts of the ureters, bladder and proximal part of the urethra found?

A

Pelvis

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11
Q

Where is the distal part of the urethra found?

A

Perineum

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12
Q

What four regions of the abdomen do the kidneys lie within?

A

Hypochondriac, epigastric, flank/lumbar, umbilical

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13
Q

What ribs protect the kidneys?

A

11 and 12

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14
Q

What muscles guard in response to kidney damage?

A

Muscles of the back, antero-lateral abdominal wall, posterior abdominal wall

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15
Q

What is the level of the right kidney?

A

L1-3

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16
Q

What is the level of the left kidney?

A

T12-L2

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17
Q

What layers are found deep to the parietal peritoneum of the kidney?

A

Paranephric fat, renal deep fascia, perinephric fat, renal capsule

18
Q

What structures are found at the renal hilum?

A

Ureter, renal artery and vein

19
Q

What arterial branches do the ureters receive?

A

Renal and gonadal arteries and a branch of the aorta

20
Q

What are the 3 paired branches of the abdominal aorta?

A

Adrenal, renal and gonadal arteries

21
Q

What is the basic functional and structural unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

22
Q

How many segmental branches arise from each renal artery to supply the nephrons?

A

5

23
Q

Where do the left and right renal veins drain into?

A

IVC

24
Q

Where do the left and right gonadal veins drain into?

A

Right- IVC

Left- Left renal

25
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the kidney?

A

Outer cortex and inner medulla

26
Q

What makes up the renal corpuscle?

A

Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus

27
Q

What passes through the renal pyramid to drain the modified filtrate through the renal papilla as urine?

A

Collecting duct

28
Q

What structures does urine drain through from the collecting ducts to the ureter?

A

Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis

29
Q

What are renal calculi?

A

Renal stones (made from calcium)

30
Q

Where does the ureter cross in relation to the common iliac arteries?

A

Anterior

31
Q

What type of pain will someone with renal stones have?

A

Comes and goes- renal colic

32
Q

What type of muscle makes up the ureter walls?

A

Smooth

33
Q

What is the name of the bladder sphincter which encircles the ureteric orifices?

A

Detrusor muscle fibres

34
Q

What do the detrusor muscle fibres do?

A

Prevent reflux of urine into the ureters

35
Q

Detrusor muscle fibres encircling the bladder neck are only present in who?

A

Males

36
Q

What does the internal urethral sphincter/detrusor muscle of the neck of the bladder do?

A

Prevents ejaculatory reflux

37
Q

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Non-cancerous hyperplasia of the prostate

38
Q

What is the problem with benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

In impinges on the prostatic urethra and causes problems passing urine, increased urinary frequency and possible involuntary urination

39
Q

What are the two types of catheter?

A

Suprapubic- into bladder via anterior abdominal wall

Urinary- into bladder via urethra

40
Q

Who are UTIs more common in?

A

Females

41
Q

Obstructions to the urethra cause problem with which kidney?

A

Both of them

42
Q

What is renal failure?

A

The kidneys are not able to filter the blood to produce urine

Principles Anatomy (7 decks)

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