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Principles Anatomy > Joints and Dislocations > Flashcards

Joints and Dislocations Flashcards

1
Q

Where is cartilage located?

A

Where mobility is required at articulations (joints)

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2
Q

What causes movement of bones?

A

Skeletal muscles contracting

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of joint?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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4
Q

What is the compromise that has to be made in joints?

A

Between mobility and stability

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5
Q

What is the relative stability and mobility of fibrous joints?

A

Limited mobility and stable

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6
Q

What are two types of fibrous joint?

A

Syndesmoses and sutures

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7
Q

What do syndesmoses do and what is an example?

A

Unite bones with a fibrous sheet e.g. interosseous membrane

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8
Q

Which of sutures and syndesmoses are more stable?

A

Sutures

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9
Q

Where are sutures found?

A

Between the bones of the skull

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10
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Wide sutures in the neonatal skull (anterior, posterior, lateral)

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11
Q

What do fontanelles allow?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones to slide over each other, making the head smaller for birth

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12
Q

What is the mobility/stability compromise in cartilaginous joints?

A

Fairly limited motility and relatively stable

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13
Q

What are synchondroses?

A

Primary cartilaginous joints

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14
Q

Where are synchondroses (primary cartilaginous joints) found?

A

In bones joined by hyaline cartilage e.g. epiphyseal growth plate

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15
Q

What are symphyses?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joints (fibrocartilage)

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16
Q

What is an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint?

A

Intervertebral disc

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17
Q

What occurs when a primary cartilaginous bone slips?

A

Slipped femoral epiphysis

18
Q

What occurs when a secondary cartilaginous bone slips?

A

Slipped disc

19
Q

What can a slipped disc do?

A

Compress neural structures (spinal cord or spinal nerves)

20
Q

What is the outer part of an intervertebral disc?

A

Outer fibrous annulus fibrosus (fibrous ring)

21
Q

What is the inner part of an intervertebral disc?

A

Inner soft nucleus propulsus

22
Q

Where are synovial joints found?

A

Two or more bones articulating with each other

23
Q

What secretes synovial fluid?

A

Deeper synovial membrane layer

24
Q

What are synovial joints supported by?

A

Ligaments

25
Q

What are the 5 types of synovial joint?

A

Pivot, ball and socket, plane, hinge, biaxial

26
Q

What does a pivot joint allow and give an example?

A

> 45 degree shaking of the head rotation- atlanto-axial joint

27
Q

What does a plane joint allow and give an example?

A

Minimal movement in one plane- acromioclavicular joint

28
Q

What does a hinge joint allow and give an example?

A

Reasonable range of movement in one plane- elbow joint

29
Q

What does a biaxial joint allow and give an example?

A

Reasonable range of movement in one plane and less in another- metacarpophalangeal joint

30
Q

What does a ball and socket joint allow and give an example?

A

Good ranges of multi axial movement- hip joint

31
Q

What is the mobility/stability compromise in synovial joints?

A

Fairly mobile- not so stable

32
Q

What does subluxation mean?

A

Reduced area of contact between articular surfaces

33
Q

What is a dislocation?

A

Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces

34
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Synovial

35
Q

What is the TMJ an articulation between?

A

Mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of temporal bone and the head of the mandibular condyle

36
Q

What happens in a dislocation of the TMJ?

A

The head of the condylar process of the mandible becomes stuck anterior to the temporal bone tubercle

37
Q

What will a dislocation of the TMJ show physically?

A

Mouth wide open and cannot be shut

38
Q

Dislocation of the TMJ can be bilateral or unilateral, how can you tell the difference?

A

If the chin is remaining in the midline, it is bilateral

39
Q

Do the joints have good sensory nerve supply or not?

A

Yes, they do

40
Q

What are the 4 sensations detected by the sensory receptors of the joint nerves?

A

pain, touch, temperature and proprioception

41
Q

What is a big risk of dislocations?

A

Damage arteries and compromise blood supply distal to the joint

Principles Anatomy (7 decks)

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