Muscles and Movement Flashcards
What are the three different types of muscle?
Cardiac, skeletal and smooth
What type of muscle is involuntary and striated?
Cardiac
What type of muscle is involuntary and not striated?
Smooth
What type of muscle is voluntary and striated?
Skeletal
Skeletal muscle is made from ? which is made from ? which is made from ? which is made from ?
Fascicle, muscle fibre, myofibrils, actin and myosin microfilaments
Why does skeletal muscle look striped when viewed histologically?
Because of overlapping actin and myosin
What happens when a skeletal muscle is strained?
Muscle fibres are torn
What is an example of a circular muscle?
Orbicularis oris
What type of muscle is the deltoid?
Pennate
What is an example of a quadrate muscle?
Rectus abdominis
What type of muscle is the external oblique?
Flat with aponeurosis
What is an example of a fusiform muscle?
Biceps brachii
What do tendons attach?
Muscle to bone
What is an aponeurosis?
Flattened tendon
What do aponeurosis attach?
Muscle to soft tissue
Where do skeletal muscle attach?
Origin on one side of the bone and insertion on the other
The biceps branchii spans the anterior shoulder, elbow and anterior proximal radioulnar joint. What movements does it allow?
Flexion of the shoulder and elbow and supination of the forearm
Where are the 3 origins of the deltoid muscle?
Spine of scapula, acromion process of scapula, lateral 1/3rd of clavicle
Where is the 1 insertion of the deltoid muscle?
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Posterior fibres of the deltoid allow what movement?
Extension of shoulder
Middle fibres of the deltoid allow what movement?
Abduction of the shoulder
Anterior fibres of the deltoid muscle allow what movement?
Flexion of the shoulder
What does the shallow socket of the glenoid fossa of the scapula allow?
Circumduction of the shoulder
What body parts are involved in the protective reflex response?
Nervous system and muscles
What are the two main reflexes involving skeletal muscles?
Stretch reflex and flexion withdrawal reflex
What is the flexion withdrawal reflex?
When we touch something potentially dangerous there is sudden flexion
Where are the nerve connections during a reflex reaction?
Spinal cord (not brain!)
What does the patellar tendon attach?
Patella to tibial tuberosity
What are stretch reflexes?
Protective against overstretching
What is atrophy?
Muscle wasting where the myocytes become smaller as a result of inactivity
What is muscle hypertrophy?
Each individual myocyte enlarges to enlarge the skeletal muscle
Where are skeletal muscles usually found?
Deep to the deep fascia
What covers skeletal muscle?
Tough fibrous connective tissue
What is compartment syndrome?
Fascia creates enclosed space which causes increased pressure that affects the function of muscle or nerves
How do you relieve pressure of compartment syndrome in an emergency?
Fasciotomy
Where is the transition from skeletal to smooth muscle in the throat?
At the trachea or middle third of oesophagus
Where is the transition from smooth to skeletal muscle in the perineum?
Lower part of the urinary tract and anal canal/anus
