Muscles and Movement

Question 1

What are the three different types of muscle?

Answer 1

Cardiac, skeletal and smooth

Question 2

What type of muscle is involuntary and striated?

Answer 2

Cardiac

Question 3

What type of muscle is involuntary and not striated?

Answer 3

Smooth

Question 4

What type of muscle is voluntary and striated?

Answer 4

Skeletal

Question 5

Skeletal muscle is made from ? which is made from ? which is made from ? which is made from ?

Answer 5

Fascicle, muscle fibre, myofibrils, actin and myosin microfilaments

Question 6

Why does skeletal muscle look striped when viewed histologically?

Answer 6

Because of overlapping actin and myosin

Question 7

What happens when a skeletal muscle is strained?

Answer 7

Muscle fibres are torn

Question 8

What is an example of a circular muscle?

Answer 8

Orbicularis oris

Question 9

What type of muscle is the deltoid?

Answer 9

Pennate

Question 10

What is an example of a quadrate muscle?

Answer 10

Rectus abdominis

Question 11

What type of muscle is the external oblique?

Answer 11

Flat with aponeurosis

Question 12

What is an example of a fusiform muscle?

Answer 12

Biceps brachii

Question 13

What do tendons attach?

Answer 13

Muscle to bone

Question 14

What is an aponeurosis?

Answer 14

Flattened tendon

Question 15

What do aponeurosis attach?

Answer 15

Muscle to soft tissue

Question 16

Where do skeletal muscle attach?

Answer 16

Origin on one side of the bone and insertion on the other

Question 17

The biceps branchii spans the anterior shoulder, elbow and anterior proximal radioulnar joint. What movements does it allow?

Answer 17

Flexion of the shoulder and elbow and supination of the forearm

Question 18

Where are the 3 origins of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 18

Spine of scapula, acromion process of scapula, lateral 1/3rd of clavicle

Question 19

Where is the 1 insertion of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 19

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 20

Posterior fibres of the deltoid allow what movement?

Answer 20

Extension of shoulder

Question 21

Middle fibres of the deltoid allow what movement?

Answer 21

Abduction of the shoulder

Question 22

Anterior fibres of the deltoid muscle allow what movement?

Answer 22

Flexion of the shoulder

Question 23

What does the shallow socket of the glenoid fossa of the scapula allow?

Answer 23

Circumduction of the shoulder

Question 24

What body parts are involved in the protective reflex response?

Answer 24

Nervous system and muscles

Question 25

What are the two main reflexes involving skeletal muscles?

Answer 25

Stretch reflex and flexion withdrawal reflex

Question 26

What is the flexion withdrawal reflex?

Answer 26

When we touch something potentially dangerous there is sudden flexion

Question 27

Where are the nerve connections during a reflex reaction?

Answer 27

Spinal cord (not brain!)

Question 28

What does the patellar tendon attach?

Answer 28

Patella to tibial tuberosity

Question 29

What are stretch reflexes?

Answer 29

Protective against overstretching

Question 30

What is atrophy?

Answer 30

Muscle wasting where the myocytes become smaller as a result of inactivity

Question 31

What is muscle hypertrophy?

Answer 31

Each individual myocyte enlarges to enlarge the skeletal muscle

Question 32

Where are skeletal muscles usually found?

Answer 32

Deep to the deep fascia

Question 33

What covers skeletal muscle?

Answer 33

Tough fibrous connective tissue

Question 34

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 34

Fascia creates enclosed space which causes increased pressure that affects the function of muscle or nerves

Question 35

How do you relieve pressure of compartment syndrome in an emergency?

Answer 35

Fasciotomy

Question 36

Where is the transition from skeletal to smooth muscle in the throat?

Answer 36

At the trachea or middle third of oesophagus

Question 37

Where is the transition from smooth to skeletal muscle in the perineum?

Answer 37

Lower part of the urinary tract and anal canal/anus