Reproductive System Flashcards
What are the ovaries
They produce ova and secrete hormones (oestrogen and progesterone)
What isthe function of the fallopian tubes
(Oviducts) - transport ovium. They are the site of fertilisation (the place in the body that fertilisation takes place)
What is the function of the uterus
(womb) - has thick muscular walls, houses and nourishes a fertilised egg (ovum). Expels the foetus during childbirth
What is the function of the cervix
Ring of muscle, opens during ovulation and childbirth
What is the function of the vagina
Muscular tube, receives sperm during intercourse and forms the birth canal
What is the function of the vulva
External part of female genitals
What is the function of the testes
produce sperm and testosterone
What is the function of the scrotum
Holds testes outside of the body to maintain cooler temperature for sperm development
What is the function of the vas deferens
transports sperm to the urethra
What is the function of the seminal vesicles and prostate gland
produce seminal fluid for sperm mobility and nourishmentW
What is the function of the penis
delivers sperm in to the female reproductive tract
What is function of the urethra
Expels urine and semen (tube within the penis)
What is endometriosis
female reproductive disorder
Symptoms - pelvic pain, painful menstruation, infertility
Caused by changes in the endometrial cells outside of the uterus
What are causes and symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Symptoms - irregular ovulation, menstruation issues, weight gain
Causes - multiple ovarian cysts
What is hydrocele?
Male reproductive disorder
Symptoms - painless swelling in the scrotum
Causes - fluid accumulation often due to infection or injury
Give examples of 2 types of prostate disorder
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) - an enlarged prostate leading to urinary issues
- Prostate Cancer - irregular prostate gland causing similar symptoms to BPH
What are the 3 stages of pre-natal development
- Fertilisation - zygote forms and undergoes mytosis (cell division)
- Embryo - organ formation begins
- Foetus - growth and maturation of organs
What is the placenta? What does it do?
Supplies nutrients and oxygen to the foetus
Removes waste via maternal circulation
What happens during the first trimester (weeks 1 - 12 of pregnancy)
Fertilisation & implantation
Development in to an embryo when organs start to be developed
Placenta develops
Heart starts to beat by week 6
Week 9 it becomes a foetus
Small movements begin & genitalia is formed
What happens in the second trimester (weeks 13 - 27)
Foetal Growth & Organ Development
Skin, hair and facial features
Bones harden
Movement is felt by the Parent between weeks 18 and 20
Placenta fully developed by week 16 to provide oxygen and nutrients
Senses and reflexes develop (hearing, swallowing, sucking)
Foetus becomes viable at 24 weeks
What happens in the third trimester (weeks 28 - 40)
Rapid growth and fat accumulation
Organs mature
Foetus moves in to position for birthing by week 34/36
Frequent movements, will respond to light as can now open and close eyes
What is spina bifida
prenatal development disorder
caused by lack of folic acid in pregnancy
symptoms vertebral malformation, potential hydrocephalus (build up of fluid in the brain, causing brain damage)
What is Cerebral Palsy
Caused by brain injury during / after birth
Symptoms: movement disabilities
What is rubella
Caused by maternal infection in early pregnancy
Symptoms - hearing loss, cogenital heart defects, cognitive impairments
