Muscular System

Question 1

What are striated muscles

Answer 1

voluntary muscles attached to the skeleton, enabling movement

Question 2

What are 2 types of attachment muscles

Answer 2

Tendons - inelastic, strong collagen fibers attaching muscles to bone
Fascia - Thick sheets of connective tissue attaching muscles in areas of moveable bones e.g. face muscles

Question 3

What are 3 types of muscle contractions

Answer 3

isometric contraction - muscle contracts without movement e.g. tug of war
concentric contraction - muscle contracts and shortens e.g. bicep curl
eccentric contraction -muscle lengthens under tension, often carrying a load (e.g. lowering a dumbbell)

Question 4

What are the functions of the muscular system

Answer 4

Movement:
- Agonist (main muscle used for movement e.g. bicep in arm)
- Antagonist (opposes the agonist and allows movement back to the original position e.g. tricep in arm)
- Fixator - stabilises surrounding bones for movement
- Synergist - assists agonist and reduces unnecessary movement

Support and stability
- maintains posture and supports joints

Question 5

What is muscular dystrophy?

Answer 5

Genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness and disability
Severe forms may affect cardiac and respiratory muscles while others are less severe

Question 6

What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 6

The most common type
begins between the age of 2 and 3
affects lower limbs first
impacts heart and respiratory muscles later on

Question 7

What is Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 7

Appears between ages of 5 and 15
Has slower progression that Duchenne MD
Affects hip and pelvis area first
Causes muscle weakness in the heart for most suffers

Question 8

What is Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 8

Has over 30 forms
Starts in childhood or adulthood
Creates muscle weakness and atrophy in the hip and shoulders
Progression is dependent on the age of onset