Digestive System

Question 1

What 5 things make up the digestive system?

Answer 1

1. Alimentary canal (tube that runs from mouth to anus, includes special sections to help with digestion and absorption)
2. Associated glands - aid digestion through secretions
3. Salivary glands - produce saliva with amylase to start carbohydrate digestion
4. Liver - produces bile, stores glucose as glycogen and processes amino acids in to urea
5. Pancreas - produces digestive enzymes (lipase, amylase, protease) and hormones (insulin, glucagon)

Question 2

What is peristalsis

Answer 2

muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal

Question 3

What is emulsification

Answer 3

breakdown of fats in to smaller globules for easier enzyme action

Question 4

What is symbiosis

Answer 4

Relationship between gut and bacteria - supports immunity and vitamin production (Good bacteria)

Question 5

What is the process of digestion

Answer 5

1. MOUTH - chews food, saliva starts carbohydrate digestion process
2. Oesophagus - moves food via peristalsis
3. Stomach - churns food into chyme, gastric juices digest proteins
4. Duodenum - continues digestion using enzymes from the liver and pancreas
5. Colon - reabsorbs water, forms semi-solid poo
6. Rectum - stores poo until egestion

Question 6

What are the definitions and ingestion, absorption and digestion?

Answer 6

Ingestion - take in food via the mouth
Absorption - nutrients get absorbed in to ileum and are transported round the body by the blood and lymphatic systems
Digestion - breakdown of macronutrients

Question 7

What does amylase enzyme do?

Answer 7

Turns carbohydrates in to disaccharides and glucose

Question 8

What does protease enzyme do?

Answer 8

Turns proteins in to amino acids

Question 9

What does lipase enzyme do?

Answer 9

Turns fats in to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 10

What is egestion?

Answer 10

Elimination of undigested material as faeces (pooing)

Question 11

Where are the enzymes protease, lipase and amylase found?

Answer 11

In the pancreas
Amylase also found in saliva
Protease found in stomach juices

Question 12

What are peptic ulcers?

Answer 12

Open sores in the stomach or duodenum caused by bacterial infection, treatable with antibiotics

Question 13

What is hepatitis?

Answer 13

Inflammation of the liver caused by viruses or toxins, can lead to jaundice or liver failure

Question 14

What is coeliac disease?

Answer 14

Autoimmune reaction to gluten leading to malabsorption, weight loss and vitamin deficiencies