Cells & organelles Flashcards
What is a cell
The basic building blocks for all living things. It’s the smallest unit of life that can be replicated
What are cells made up of?
Different organelles that each have its own specialist function in the body
How do cells create energy?
Using respiration - this process happens in the mitochondria and it is when ATP molecules are made
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic does not have a nucleus & eukaryotic does have a nucleus
What is the definition of an organelle?
Organelles are specialised structures made inside cells that have specific shapes and functions - each performs a specific process / job
Definition of nucleus
The control centre of the cell, contains DNA and RNA, regulates cell activities, growth and division
Definition of cell membrane
A selective barrier composed of a phospholipid layer that controls molecule passage & enables cell communication
Definition of cytoplasm
a jelly like substance that supports and protects organelles while serving as the site for cellular processes
Definition of centrioles
cylindrical structure made of microtubules, they play an essential role in organising cell division and maintaining cell shape
Definition of mitochondria
The cells powerhouse, produces ATP (the energy molecule) through respiration and are crucial for energy metabolism
Definition of Endoplasmic Reticulum
A network of membranes, synthesises proteins in the rough ER and lipids in the smooth ER
Definition of ribosomes
the sites of protein synthesis, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains
Definition of golgi apparatus
modifies, sorts and packages proteins and lipids for transport or secretion
Definition of lysosomes
vesicles containing digestive enzymes that breakdown macromolecules, damaged organelles and pathogens
