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Kaplan High yield: Reproductive > Reproductive: Diseases of Penis and Prostate > Flashcards

Reproductive: Diseases of Penis and Prostate Flashcards

1
Q

define hydrospadias

A

urethra opens onto ventral surface of penis

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2
Q

What is hydrospadias associated with?

A

poorly developed penis curving ventrally

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3
Q

What is a ventral curving penis?

A

chordee

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4
Q

define epispadias

A

urethra opens onto dorsal surface

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5
Q

what is epispadias associated with?

A

exstrophy of bladder

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6
Q

What is a common problem with hypospadias and epispadias?

A

infertility

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7
Q

define phimosis

A

prepuce orifice that is too small to be retracted normally

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8
Q

What is the problem associated mostly with phimosis?

A

generally leads to poor hygiene causing bacterial infections

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9
Q

What is a paraphimosis?

A

foreskin retracted over the glans leading to urethral constriction

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10
Q

What is the treatment for phimosis and paraphimosis?

A

circumcision

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of penile carcinoma?

A

Bowen disease; Squamous cell carcinoma

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12
Q

What is the epidemiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis?

A

usually age 40-70;

1% of cancer in men

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13
Q

What is the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis?

A

uncircumcised penises increase incidence;
slow growing, non-painful;
patients often delay seeking medical attention

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14
Q

What is closely associated with squamous cell carcinoma of penis?

A

HPV 16 and 18

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15
Q

What does squamous cell carcinoma of penis look like grossly?

A

plaque progressing to ulcerated papule or fungating growth

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16
Q

Where does squamous cell carcinoma of penis typically metastasize?

A

local lymph nodes

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17
Q

What is Bowen disease typically associated with?

A

carcinoma in situ associated w/ visceral malignancy

18
Q

When and where does Bowen disease typically present?

A

Men > 35y/o;

involves shaft of penis and scrotum

19
Q

What does Bowen disease look like grossly?

A

thick ulcerated plaque

20
Q

How does Bowen disease look microscopically?

A

squamous cell carcinoma in situ

21
Q

Define Peyronie disease

A

curved penis due to fibrosis of tunica albuginea

22
Q

Where and how does the most common cancer in men metastasize?

A

prostate cancer metastasizes via lymph or hematogenously to bone

23
Q

Who is at highest risk for developing prostatic cancer?

A

after age 50 with AA> whites > asians

24
Q

What will a patient with prostatic cancer typically present with?

A

urinary problems and/or palpable mass on rectal exam

25
Q

What are clinical Sx associated with prostatic metastases?

A

pelvis and lower vertebrae pain associated with osteoblastic metastases

26
Q

How do labs and Dx tests help with prostatic cancer diagnosis?

A

elevated PSA and enlarged prostate =>highly suggestive of carcinoma

27
Q

Why is the 10yr survival rate for prostatic cancer only?

A

most patients present in advanced disease

28
Q

What are the prostatic carcinomas Tx?

A

surgery;
radiation;
hormonal modalities (orchiectomy/androgen block)

29
Q

Define benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

large nodules in periurethral region (median lobe) of prostate may lead to narrowing of urethral canal

30
Q

Who and how will patients present with BPH?

A

men after age 45 with varying degrees of urinary obstruction and difficulty urinating

31
Q

Acute prostatitis results from what?

A

bacterial infection of prostate typically from E. coli

32
Q

How does bacteria cause acute prostatitis?

A

direct extension from posterior urethra or bladder via the lymph or hematogenously

33
Q

What is the common cause of chronic prostatitis?

A

recurrent UTI in men

34
Q

How may either form of chronic prostatitis present?

A

bacterial or non-bacterial may be asymptomatic or may present w/ lower back pain and urinary Sx

35
Q

What is an antiandrogen used specifically for prostate cancer? what is its MOA?

A

Flutamide => androgen receptor antagonist

36
Q

MOA of spironolactone?

A

androgen receptor antagonist but also K+ sparing diuretic

37
Q

When is spironolatone used?

A

Hirsuitism;

primary hyperaldosteronism, edema, HTN

38
Q

What drug is used in its depot form for prostate cancer? and MOA?

A

Leuprolide => GnRH analog

39
Q

What drug is used for BPH and male pattern baldness? and MOA?

A

Finasteride => 5a-reductase inhibitor (prevents conversion of T to DHT

40
Q

When is ketoconazole used?

A

androgen receptor positive prostate cancer

41
Q

What is the MOA for ketoconazole?

A

inhibits steroid synthesis (also antifungal agent)

Kaplan High yield: Reproductive (18 decks)

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