Diseases of ovary Flashcards

1
Q

Young, obese, hirsute female of reproductive age presents with oligomenorrhea after many unsuccessful months of trying to get pregnant. What is the disease?

A

polycystic ovary disease => Stein-Leventhal syndrome

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2
Q

What is detectable in the lab results for polycystic ovary disease?

A

elevated LH; elevated testosterone

low FSH

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3
Q

What is the pathology of polycystic ovary disease?

A

bilaterally enlarged ovaries w/ multiple follicular cysts

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4
Q

Etiology of polycystic ovary disease

A

increased LH stimulation leads to increased androgen synthesis and anovulatory cycles

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5
Q

How is polycystic ovary disease Tx?

A

oral contraceptives or medroxyprogesterone;

surgical wedge resection

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6
Q

What is the most common benign ovarian tumor?

A

cystadenoma

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7
Q

Name the pathology of cystadenoma

A

unilocular cyst w/ simple serous or mucinous lining

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8
Q

most common malignant ovarian tumor

A

cystadeno-carcinoma

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9
Q

How will cystadeno-carcinoma present?

A

often asymptomatic until far advanced => increased abdominal girth due to ascites, bowel or bladder problems

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10
Q

what does a cystadeno-carcinoma produce

A

pseudomyxoma peritonei

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11
Q

Lab marker for cystadeno-carcinoma? what else is it used for?

A

CA-125;

used for response to therapy and recurrence

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12
Q

Gross pathology of cystadeno-carcinoma

A

complex multiloculated cyst w/ solid areas

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13
Q

Micro pathology of cystadeno-carcinoma

A

serous or mucinous lining w/ tufting, papillary structures w/ psammoma bodies

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14
Q

How does cystadeno-carcinoma spread?

A

seedings w/in pelvic cavity

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15
Q

genetic risk factors for cystadeno-carcinoma

A

BRCA-1 (Breast and ovarian cancers);

Lynch syndrome

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16
Q

Tx for cystadeno-carcinoma

A

surgery;

antineoplastic drugs

17
Q

What is a Brenner tumor?

A

rare ovarian epithelial tumor resembling transitioinal carcinoma => benign or malignant

18
Q

Who is at greatest risk for teratoma?

A

younger women

19
Q

What makes up a teratoma?

A

all 3 germ layers (ecto, meso, endo)

20
Q

What is the likely invasive ability of a teratoma?

A

benign

21
Q

When does a teratoma have greater chances for invasion?

A

immature teratoma contains primitive cells

22
Q

Gross pathology of teratoma?

A

ovarian cyst w/ hair, teeth and sebaceous material

23
Q

Etiology of teratoma

A

abnormal differentiation of fetal germ cells that arise from fetal yolk sac

24
Q

Tx for teratoma

A

surgery

25
Q

invasive ability and time of presentation for dysgerminoma

A

malignant;

affects mainly young adults

26
Q

micro pathology of dysgerminoma

A

10% anaplastic with nuclear atypia

27
Q

Risk factors for dysgerminoma

A

Turner syndrome;

pseudohermaphroditism

28
Q

Tx and prognosis for dysgerminoma

A

Radiosensitive;

good Px

29
Q

Define ovarian fibroma

A

common tumor

associated with fibroma + ascites + pleural effusion (Meigs syndrome)

30
Q

Complications of granulosa cell tumor

A

endometrial hyperplasia and cancer

31
Q

Define granulosa cell tumor

A

potentially malignant;

PRODUCES ESTROGEN

32
Q

How will a patient with granulosa cell tumor present?

A

precocious puberty; irregular menses; dysfunctional uterine bleeding

33
Q

Micro path of granulosa cell tumor

A

CALL EXNER BODIES => polygonal tumor cells w/ formation of follicle like structures

34
Q

Define Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (androblastoma)

A

Androgen producing tumor => presents w/ virilization