Reproductive: Descent of testes, normal anatomy, abnormalities

Question 1

What is the descent of the testes a result of?

Answer 1

processus vaginalis

Question 2

Define processes vaginalis

Answer 2

evagination of parietal peritoneum descending through inguinal canal during fetal life

Question 3

Define tunica vaginalis

Answer 3

patent remnant of processus vaginalis covering anterior and lateral parts of testis

Question 4

Define hydrocele

Answer 4

accumulation of serous fluid in tunica vaginalis or persistent part of processus vaginalis in cord

Question 5

What forms the inguinal canal?

Answer 5

4 of the 8 layers of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 6

What 3 layers making up the inguinal canal make give rise to spermatic fasciae (external to internal)?

Answer 6

External oblique fascia;
internal oblique muscle, cremaster muscle, fascia;
transversalis fascia

Question 7

What covers the testis and spermatic cord?

Answer 7

spermatic fascia

Question 8

What does the spermatic cord contain?

Answer 8

Ductus deferens; testicular artery; artery to ductus deferens; pampiniform plexus of testicular vein; testicular vein; lymphatic vessels

Question 9

What is different about the right and left testicular veins?

Answer 9

Right drains into IVC;

Left drains into Left renal vein

Question 10

Function of ductus deferens

Answer 10

conveys sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct in male pelvis

Question 11

Where does the testicular artery branch from the aorta?

Answer 11

L2-L3 vertebrae

Question 12

Where does the artery to the ductus deferens branch from?

Answer 12

internal iliac artery

Question 13

What do the lymphatic vessels in the spermatic cord drain and where directly?

Answer 13

drain testis that sends the lymph through inguinal canal directly to LUMBAR NODES in posterior abdominal wall

Question 14

What controls the cremasteric reflex?

Answer 14

utilizes sensory and motor fibers in ventral ramus of L1 spinal nerve

Question 15

Where can sensory deficits be felt of the ilioinguinal nerve?

Answer 15

stroking the skin of the superior and medial thigh stimulates sensory fibers

Question 16

What causes the cremaster muscle to contract? what is the result?

Answer 16

motor fibers from genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve => elevate testes

Question 17

Define cryptorchidism

Answer 17

Failure of normal descent of intra-abdominal testes into scrotum

Question 18

Most common location of cryptorchid testis

Answer 18

inguinal canal => most common right side => unilateral or bilateral

Question 19

Will cryptorchid testis be able to procreate?

Answer 19

if bilateral then no => infertile

unilateral then yes

Question 20

patients suffering from cryptochidism have an increased incidence of what?

Answer 20

testicular cancer even if repositioned within scrotum

Question 21

Etiology of torsion of the testis

Answer 21

sudden movement, trauma, congenital anomalies causing twisting of spermatic cord

Question 22

Torsion of testis may lead to what?

Answer 22

compromising arterial supply and venous drainage

Question 23

How will a patient present suffering from torsion of testes?

Answer 23

sudden onset of testicular pain and loss of cremasteric reflex

Question 24

If not corrected early, what may manifest from torsion of testis?

Answer 24

testicular infarction

Question 25

If a hydrocele occurs later in life, what is often the cause?

Answer 25

inflammatory causes such as epididymitis

Question 26

What is the result of a hydrocele?

Answer 26

fluid-filled cyst near testes

Question 27

What causes a caricocele?

Answer 27

dilatations of tributaries of testicular vein in pampiniform plexus

Question 28

When can varicoceles be detected?

Answer 28

varicoceles of pampiniform plexus observed when patient is STANDING => disappear when lying down

Question 29

What is a spermatocele

Answer 29

retension cyst containing sperm in rete testes or head of epididymis