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Anatomy (S1U2) > Reproductive Development > Flashcards

Reproductive Development Flashcards

1
Q

During which week do the PGCs invade the genital ridges

A

6th week

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2
Q

From which layer do the urinary and reproductive systems develop?

A

Intermediate mesoderm (common mesodermal ridge)

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3
Q

Intermediate mesoderm swell to form what?

A

Urogenital ridge

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4
Q

The urogenital ridges will swell to form which two ridges?

A

Genital ridge (medial) and Nephrogenic cord/ridge (lateral)

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5
Q

Test question During which week do gonads acquire male/female morphological characteristics?

A

7th week

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6
Q

how are the gonadal ridges formed

A

proliferation of epithelium and condensation of underlying mesenchyme

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7
Q

During indifferent gonad stage which two pairs of ducts are present?

A
  1. Mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts

2. Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts

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8
Q

Which ducts come together at the midline and what does their caudal tip form?

A

Paramesonephric ducts; sinus tubercle

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9
Q

Where do the mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts open into?

A

The urogenital sinus on either side of the sinus tubercle

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10
Q

The Y chromosome houses which gene, and how is this gene responsible for male development?

A

SRY gene; SRY gene encodes for testis-determining factor (TDF) which leads to development of testis

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11
Q

Longitudinal cords of PGCs are known as what?

A

Testis (or medullary) cords

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12
Q

What is the dense layer of fibrous CT separating the testis cords from the surface epithelium

A

Tunica albuginea

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13
Q

The testis cords break up into a network of tiny cell strands that eventually give rise to what?

A

tubules of rete testis

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14
Q

The testis cords are comprised of what two types of cells?

A

PGCs and Sertoli cells

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15
Q

where are Sertoli cells derived from?

A

testis surface epithelium

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16
Q

Which cells lie between the testis cords? what is their function? Derived from?

A

Leydig cells; begin production of testosterone; mesenchyme of gonadal ridge

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17
Q

In which week is the production of testosterone begun?

A

8th

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18
Q

At puberty the testis cords acquire a lumen and become what?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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19
Q

What links the rete testis with the Wolffian duct?

A

efferent dutules

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20
Q

The mesonephric duct gives rise to what?

A

Vas deferens

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21
Q

Most of the mesonephric duct persists in males, forming which 5 structures (from proximal to distal to the testis)

A
  1. efferent ductules
  2. Epididymis
  3. vas deferens (ductus deferens)
  4. seminal vesicle
  5. ejaculatory duct
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22
Q

Which cells produce a hormone causing the degradation of the paramesonephric ducts? What are the names of this hormone

A

Sertoli cells; Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)/Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)

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23
Q

In males, what is the small portion of paramesonephric duct that remains?

A

Appendix testis (at the cranial end)

24
Q

Where and in what position do the testis develop?

A

Abdominal region; retroperitoneal

25
Q

what is the condensation of mesenchyme that anchors the testis to the floor of the scrotum and assists in the descent of the testis?

A

gubernaculum

26
Q

What is the evagination of peritoneum from the abdominal cavity that follows the course of the gubernaculum into the scrotal swellings?

A

processus vaginalis or vaginal process

27
Q

the testes are covered by _____ of the process vaginalis

A

reflected folds

28
Q

As the testis descends thru the inguinal ring, it is covered by the following layers

A
  1. Visceral layer of tunica vaginalis (from vaginal process)
  2. Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
  3. Internal spermatic fascia (arises from transversalis fascia
  4. Cremasteric fascia and muscle (from internal abdominal oblique)
  5. External spermatic fascia (from the EO)
29
Q

which of the anterolateral abdominal muscles does not form a layer that covers the testes?

A

Transversus abdominis

30
Q

In female development, the primitive (medullary) cords dissociate into what? What part of the ovary do these occupy?

A

irregular cell clusters; medullary part

31
Q

In contrast to male development, what happens with the surface epithelium in female development?

A

Surface epithelium CONTINUES to proliferate

32
Q

During the 7th week of female development, the surface epithelium gives rise to what cords?

A

Cortical cords

33
Q

In what month do the cortical cords split into isolated cell clusters? What do these cell clusters become?

A

3rd month; follicular cells

34
Q

What is the primordial follicle?

A

Oogonium and its surrounding epithelium layer of follicular cells

35
Q

The presence of ____, and the abscence of ___ & ____ causes _____ to develop into the main female genital ducts

A

estrogen; testosterone & AMH/MIS; paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct

36
Q

Outline the path of PGC migration

A

Wall of yolk sac -> dorsal mesentary -> gonadal ridge (by week 6-7)

37
Q

in males, our primary generation of cords are called what? In females these primary generation cords dissove and form a secondary generation of cords called?

A

medullary cords; cortical cords

38
Q

the upper portion of the vagina is derived from ____, the lower portion of the vagina is derived from ___

A

uterine canal (mesoderm); urogenital sinus (endoderm)

39
Q

What do the paramesonephric ducts give rise to?

A

The uterine tube and uterine canal (corpus of uterus/corpus uteri, cervix, and upper portion of vagina)

40
Q

the fused caudal ends of the paramesonephric ducts contact the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus, where there is a thickening of the sinus called ___?

A

sinus tubercle

41
Q

Two solid evaginations grow out from the sinus and these are called what?

A

sinovaginal bulbs

42
Q

When the sinovaginal bulbs proliferate they form what?

A

vaginal plate

43
Q

What are the wing-like expansions of the vagina that form around the caudal end of the uterus?

A

Vaginal fornices

44
Q

What is the thin tissue plate that separates the lumen of the vagina from the urogenital sinus?

A

hymen

45
Q

what structure contains the ovarian vasculature?

A

the suspensory ligament of the ovary

46
Q

The ovaries have a cranial and caudal genital ligament; what do each of these ligaments form in the female adult reproductive system?

A

cranial genital ligament forms suspensory ligament of the ovary; caudal genital ligament forms ligament of the ovary proper and the round ligament of the uterus

47
Q

which structure in females can also be recognized as the gubernaculum?

A

the caudal genital ligament

48
Q

In the female, which are homologous structures to the scrotum in the males?

A

Labia majora

49
Q

what causes the formation of cloacal folds

A

the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive streak to the cloacal membrane

50
Q

cranial to the cloacal membrane, the folds unite to form the ___?

A

genital tubercle

51
Q

Caudally to the genital tubercal, the folds are subdivided into ___ & ___?

A

urethral folds; anal folds

52
Q

On each side of the urethral folds, ____ is formed which leads to ___ in males & ____ in females

A

genital swellings; scrotal swelling; labia majora

53
Q

the development of external genitalia in males is characterized by what?

A

The rapid elongation of the genital tubercle now called the phallus

54
Q

The two urethral folds close over the urethral plate forming what? And at what month is this completed?

A

penile urethra; 3rd month

55
Q

How is the external urethral meatus formed?

A

ectodermal cells from the tip of the glans penetrate inwards forming the short epithelial cord which later obtains a lumen

56
Q

the line of fusion of the scrotal swelling is called what?

A

scrotal septum

57
Q

In females, the urethral folds do not fuse, developing into what?

A

labia minora

Anatomy (S1U2) (13 decks)

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