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Anatomy (S1U2) > Lower Abdomen > Flashcards

Lower Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

The inferior portion of the duodenum is at what vertebral level? It is anterior to ___ & ____ and posterior to ___ & ____?

A

L3; IVC and aorta; SMA and SMV

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2
Q

What is the length difference between jejunum and ileum (hint: out of 5/5)?

A

Jejunum is about 2/5, ileum about 3/5

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3
Q

Which structure is a remnant of the embryonic yolk stalk that can mimic appendicitis when inflamed?

A

Meckel’s ileal diverticulum

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4
Q

Which of the colic flexures is more acute?

A

The L colic (splenic)

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5
Q

In anatomical directional terms, how does the splenic flexure differ from the hepatic flexure?

A

It is more superior and posterior within the body

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6
Q

Where does vague pain from appendicitis begin and at what vertebral level?

A

The periumbilical region; referred pain from T10 level

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7
Q

After vague pain, appendicitis causes more point specific pain where?

A

R. lower quadrant; from irritation of peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall

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8
Q

Where is the most severe pinpoint pain from appendicitis?

A

Over the spinoumbilical point between the ASIS and umbilicus

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9
Q

Which two segments of the LI are intraperitoneal?

A

The transverse and sigmoid

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10
Q

Name a means by which the celiac trunk and SMA are connected (hint: it is a pancreatic anastomosis).

A

Through the anastomosis of the superior pancreaticoduodenal (celiac) and the inferior pancreaticoduodenal (SMA)

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11
Q

The renal arteries exit the aorta very close to which other vessel?

A

The SMA

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12
Q

What are the first paired arteries off of the abdominal aorta?

A

The inferior phrenic

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13
Q

At what vertebral level does the IVC begin?

A

L5

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14
Q

How is the blood from the viscera returned to the heart?

A

Through the portal venous system THEN to the IVC; so that the liver can filter

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15
Q

How is the portal vein formed and at what vertebral level?

A

Union of the splenic v and SMV; L2

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16
Q

Where does the IMV drain into?

A

The splenic; because it is on the left side

17
Q

Name the 4 portal-caval anastomoses.

A

1.Gastric (portal) and Esophageal (caval) 2.Paraumbilical (portal) and epigastric (caval) 3.Superior rectal (portal) and middle/inferior rectal (caval) 4.colic (portal) and retroperitoneal (caval)

18
Q

What is caput medusa?

A

Distended and engorged paraumbilical or epigastric vv (often resulting from cirrhosis)

19
Q

Dilation of which vessels produce hemorrhoids?

A

The inferior and middle rectal vv.

20
Q

Sympathetic fibers originate from which vertebral level?

A

T5-L2; aka thoracolumbar

21
Q

Parasympathetic fibers originate from which vertebral level?

A

CNX & S2-S4; aka craniosacral

22
Q

Where do sympatheric postganglionic fibers travel to reach their effector organs?

A

Along all main arterial branches; celiac trunk, SMA, renal aa, IMA, and their branches

23
Q

What are the 4 collateral ganglion where the abdominal preganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse?

A

1.Celiac ganglion 2.Aorticorenal ganglion 3.SM ganglion 4.IM ganglion

24
Q

The greater splanchnic n originates from which vertebral level(s) and synapses in which collateral ganglion?

A

T5-T9; Celiac ganglion

25
Q

The lesser splanchnic n originates from which vertebral level(s) and synapses in which collateral ganglion?

A

T10-T11; SMA ganglion

26
Q

The least splanchnic n originates from which vertebral level(s) and synapses in which collateral ganglion?

A

T12; Aorticorenal ganglion

27
Q

The lumbar splanchic nn originate from which vertebral level(s) and synapse in which collateral ganglion?

A

L1-L2; IMA ganglion

28
Q

The preganglionic nerves from CNX (parasympathetic) travel on which arterial branches?

A

Celiac trunk, SMA, renal aa, and all their branches

29
Q

The nerve fibers from the vagus n (CNX) innervate which derivative(s) of the abdomen (foregut, midgut, or hindgut)?

A

Foregut and midgut

30
Q

The preganglionic fibers from S2-S4 travel on which arterial branches?

A

IMA and its branches

31
Q

The nerve fibers from S2-S4 supply which derivative(s) of the abdomen (foregut, midgut, hindgut)?

A

The hindgut

32
Q

Where does the vagus nerve stop innervating (give an exact point)?

A

The proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

33
Q

Which plexus(es)/trunk(s) do the vagal nerve fibers form?

A

Anterior/posterior vagal trunks, celiac plexus, SM plexus, and aorticorenal plexus

34
Q

Which plexus(es) do the sacral nn (S2-S4) form?

A

IM plexus

Anatomy (S1U2) (13 decks)

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