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Blood II > Reproductive Cytology > Flashcards

Reproductive Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

Canine Estrous Cycle
Length

A

Average: 6-7 months

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2
Q

Estrous Cycle Stages
(in order)

A
  • Proestrus
  • Estrus
  • Diestrus
  • Anestrus
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3
Q

Determine Time of Breeding

A
  • Serum levels of P4 and LH
  • Microscopic evaluation of vaginal cells
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4
Q

Hormones of Estrous

A
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  • Estrogen
  • Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
  • Progesterone (P4)
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5
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone
(FSH)

A
  • Hormone of anestrus
  • Promotes growth of follicles in ovary
  • Required for production of estrogen; triggers next stage
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6
Q

Estrogen

A
  • Rises early in proestrus
  • Peaks prior to estrus
  • Declines in estrus
  • Suppresses LH release
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7
Q

Increased Estrogen
Clinical Signs

A
  • Vaginal edema (swelling)
  • Swelling vulva
  • Bloody discharge
  • Vaginal lining thickens
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8
Q

Luteinizing Hormone
(LH)

A
  • LH surge starts estrus
  • Surge causes ovulation in about 2 days
  • Turns follicle into corpus luteum (CL) - secretes progesterone
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9
Q

Ovulation

A
  • Ova not mature upon ovulation
  • Takes 2-3 days to mature
  • Peak fertilization after LH surge is 4-6 days after
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10
Q

Progesterone

A

Hormone that helps maintain pregnancy
* levels begin to rise after LH surge
* more produced after CL formed (secreted)
* continues to rise and peaks 2-4 weeks
* rapid declines right before whelping (occurs within 24 hours)

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11
Q

Identify Estrous Stage

A

Anestrus
* Period of least reproductive activity (FSH working)
* Lasts about 4 months
* Parabasal cells (low cellularity)
* Hard to tell from diestrus and pregnancy

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12
Q

Proestrus

A
  • bloody discharge
  • swollen vulva (estrogen)
  • males attracted, but can’t breed
  • lasts 9 days
  • early vs late
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13
Q

Identify Estrous Stage

A

Early Proestrus
* high number of RBCs
* parabasal epithelial cells
* neutrophils

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14
Q

Identify Estrous Stage

A

Late Proestrus
* nearly all epithelial cells are intermediate cells
* RBCs and neutrophils present, but less

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15
Q

Identify Estrous Stage

A

Estrus
* “in heat”
* discharge becomes whiter as stage progresses
* lasts 9 days
* cornified squamous epithelial cells; usually anuclear
* neutrophils gone (increase at end)
* small amount of RBCs (decrease at end)

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16
Q

Identify Estrous Stage

A

Diestrus
* decreased swelling and discharge
* lasts 2-3 months
* parabasal and intermediate cells
* neutrophils increase initially, then decrease
* bacteria may be present
* no RBCs

17
Q

Identify Vaginal Cytology

A

Vaginitis and Metritis
* inflammation of vagina and uterus
* pinkish-white discharge without swelling
* noncornified cells
* high neutrophil count
* may or may not be bacteria

18
Q

Feline Reproduction

A
  • Polyestrus - cycle in and out until bred
  • Similar findings of cells and neutrophils as dogs
  • No RBCs at any stage of cycle
19
Q

Time of Breeding
Cytology

A

Start cytology a few days after signs of vaginal bleeding
* breed when >50% of cells are cornified
* breed EOD until diestrus, or when females stop allowing males

20
Q

Time of Breeding
Vaginoscopy

A

Vaginal mucosa becomes crenulated (wrinkled) as estrogen decreases
* wrinkles increase after ovulation
* prominent folds after ovulation (breed here)

21
Q

Time of Breeding
LH Assay

A

In-house testing with blood
* short peak; 16-24 hours
* do every day to not miss peak

22
Q

Time of Breeding
Progesterone Test

A

Outside lab testing
* can do in-house, but not as accurate
* need to do every day, same time of day

23
Q

Semen Evaluation
Motility

A
  • Drop of semen on warm slide (cold reduces motility)
  • Check 100 sperm; note speed and direction
  • Should have rapid forward movement in straight line
24
Q

Semen Evaluation
Morphology

A
  • Classify by site of defect (head, midpiece, tail)
  • Primary vs Secondary defects
  • Primary = sperm developement (more serious)
  • Secondary = sperm traveling
25
Q

Pregnancy

A
  • Gestation: 63 days
  • Palpation: 21-30 days
  • Ultrasound: 21 days
  • Radiographs: 43 days
  • Relaxin Assay (released by placenta) confirm pregnancy after 3 weeks

Blood II (13 decks)

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