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Blood II > Blood Parasites > Flashcards

Blood Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Confused With

A

Stain Precipitate
* clump / cluster of material

Drying Artifact
* appear refractile and glimmery

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2
Q

Rickettsial Organisms

A
  • Ehrlichia & Anaplasmosis
  • Transmitted by ticks
  • 2-3 days of feeding to transmit
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3
Q

Rickettsial Organisms
Reactions

A
  • Neutropenia
  • Anemia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Chronic Infestation: lymphocytosis
  • Increased TP
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4
Q

Rickettsial Organisms
Identification

A
  • Present in small numbers in circulation
  • Buffy coat smears sometimes helpful
  • Best identified with use of immunologic diagnosis
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5
Q

Ehrlichia canis

A

Affects Monocytes and Neutrophils in dogs
* look for morulae (small cluster in cytoplasm)

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6
Q
A

Morulae inside neutrophil
* see with either Ehrlichia canis or Anaplasma phagocytophilum

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7
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

A

Affects Neutrophils and Eosinophils in dogs
* look for morulae (small cluster in cytoplasm)

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8
Q

Anaplasma platys

A

Affects platelets of dogs
* challenging to see on slide
* morulae inside platelet - don’t confuse with granules

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9
Q
A

Anaplasma platys

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10
Q

Anaplasma marginale

A

Affects RBCs of cattle
* distinguish from HJB
* tend to be along margin of cell

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11
Q
A

Anaplasma marginale

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12
Q

Babesia canis

A

Affects RBC of dogs
* look for piroplasm inside cell: teardrop shaped organisms, bluer, often in pairs
* easiest to find along feathered edge

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13
Q
A

Babesia canis

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14
Q

Mycoplasma haemocanis

A

Affects RBCs of dogs
* rare
* rods or chains across cell

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15
Q
A

Mycoplasma haemocanis

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16
Q

Mycoplasma haemofelis

A

Affects RBCs of cats
* fairly common
* no EDTA blood - organism will detach
* cocci, rod, or ring-like structure on cell surface

17
Q
A

Mycoplasma haemofelis

18
Q

Cytauxzoon felis

A

Affects RBCs, Lymphocytes, and Macrophages of cats

19
Q
A

Cytauxzoon felis

20
Q

Acanthocheilonemia reconditum

A

Similar to HW
* smaller and more narrow
* rarely causes significant disease

21
Q

A. reconditum vs D. immitis

A

A. reconditum
* blunt head
* curved/hooked tail
* curved body shape

D. immitis
* tapered head
* straight tail
* straight body shape

22
Q

Dirofilaria immitis
Lifecycle

A

Spread by female mosquito
* MF develop into L3 stage (infectious)
* L3 injected into animals via bite, molt into L4 (immature adult)
* L4 travel to heart and lungs
* create more MF 6-9 months after infection (dogs only)

23
Q

D. immitis vs Cats

A
  • More resistant to infection - single sex common
  • MF will follow same infectious and growth path within cat
  • Once adults, will not make as many, if any, MF
  • Cats are dead-end hosts
  • 1 HW is enough to kill them
24
Q

D. immitis vs Cats
HARD

A

Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease
* signs of heartworm, but get misdiagnosed
* asthma or allergies
* coughing
* tachypnea
* increased respiratory effort

25
Q

D. immitis
Clinical Signs

A

Most classical sign = NONE

If on-going long enough, may see:
* exercise intolerance
* coughing
* dyspnea
* ascites
* murmur
* death

26
Q

D. immitis
Diagnostics

A

Screen annually after 7 months of age
* HW tests for antigen
* tries to identify if at least 1 mature FEMALE worm
* boy worms don’t excrete protein - test will come back negative
* validate test with MF test
* Radiographs = enlarged heart / lung bronchi
* Ultrasound = worms appear like “=”

27
Q

D. immitis
Antibody vs Antigen Tests

A

Antigen
* false negatives due to low numbers or only male infection
Antibody
* detects all types of infections
* cant tell if current or past infection

28
Q

D. immitis
Treatment for Dogs
Doxy

A
  • 4 weeks prior to tx meds
  • kills bacteria within worms
  • makes worms easier to kill off
29
Q

D. immitis
Treatment for Dogs
HW Prevention

A
  • use at least 2-3 months prior to tx meds
  • prevents further infection
  • kills immature worms to prevent maturing into adults
  • can do “slow kill” where only treats with prevention - can take 2 years
30
Q

D. immitis
Treatment for Dogs
Immiticide

A
  • treatment to kill adult worms
  • deep IM injection into epaxials
  • 2-3 doses needed for full treatment
  • retest 6 months after last injection
31
Q

D. immitis
Treatment for Cats

A

Immiticide not recommended
* treat clinical signs
* Pred and Doxy

Blood II (13 decks)

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