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Reproductive chapter Flashcards

1
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

Renal agenesis

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2
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

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3
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Ototoxicity

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4
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR

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5
Q

Diethylstilbestrol

A

vaginal clear cell adenomacarcinoma

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6
Q

Folate antagonists

A

Neural tube defects

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7
Q

Lithium

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

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8
Q

Phenytoin

A

Fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, mental retardation

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9
Q

Tetracycline

A

Discolored teeth

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10
Q

thalidomide

A

limb defects

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11
Q

Valproate

A

inhibition of maternal folate absorption, neural tube defects

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12
Q

warfarin

A

bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

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13
Q

Alcohol

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome, birth defects, mental retardation, holoproencephalopathy

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14
Q

Cocaine

A

Placental abruption

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15
Q

Smoking

A

preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

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16
Q

Iodide

A

hypothyroidism or goiter

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17
Q

maternal diabetes

A

caudal regression syndrome, congenital heart defects, neural tube defects

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18
Q

vitamin A excess

A

spontaneous abortion, cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities

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19
Q

Xrays

A

microcephaly and mental retardation

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20
Q

1st aortic arch

A

maxillary artery

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21
Q

2nd aortic arch

A

stapedial artery and hyoid artery

22
Q

3rd aortic arch

A

Common carotid and proximal internal carotid artery

23
Q

4th aortic arch

A

left aortic arch, right proximal sublcavian

24
Q

6th aortic arch

A

proximal part of pulmonary artery and ductus arteriousus

25
Q

1st brachial cleft

A

external auditory meatus

26
Q

2nd-4th cleft

A

temporary cervical sinuses, eventually obliterated. Persistent cervical sinus yields a brancial cleft cyst in the lateral neck

27
Q

1st branchial arch

A

Meckel’s cartilage: Mandible, malleus, mandibular ligament

Muscles of Mastiction: masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids, mylohyoid, tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini

CN V2/V3

treacher collins syndrome

28
Q

2nd branchial arch

A

Reichert’s cartilage: stapes, styloid, stylohyoid

Muscles of facial expression: stapedius, stylohoid

CNVII

29
Q

3rd branchial arch

A

Cartilage: greater horn of hyoid

Stylopharyngeus muscle

CNIX

congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula: persistence of cleft and pouch with fistula between tonsillar area, cleft in lateral neck

30
Q

4th-6th branchial arches

A

Cartilages:thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform

4th-pharyngeal constrictors
6th- intrinsic muscles of larynx

CNX
4-superior laryngeal branch- swallow
6- recurrent laryngeal branch-speak

31
Q

1st branchial pouch

A

middle ear, eustachian tube, mastoid cells

32
Q

2nd branchial pouch

A

palantine tonsil epithelial lining

33
Q

3rd branchial pouch

A

thymus and inferior parathyroid

34
Q

4th branchial pouch

A

superior parathyroids

35
Q

Ovaries/testes lymph drainage

A

para-aortic lymph nodes

36
Q

distal 1/3 of vagina/vulva/scrotum lymph drainage

A

superficial inguinal nodes

37
Q

proximal 2/3 of vagina/uterus

A

obturator, external iliac, hypogastric nodes

38
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

> 35 day cycle

39
Q

Polymenorrhea

A

<21 day cycle

40
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

frequent but irregular menstruation

41
Q

Menometrorrhagia

A

Heavy, irregular menstruation at irregular heavy intervals

42
Q

Potency of estrogens

A

Estradiol > estrone > estriol

43
Q

Decreased inhibin, Increased FSH

A

Klinefelters, dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules

44
Q

Decreased testosterone, Increased LH,Estrogen

A

Klinefelters with abnormal leydig cell dysfunction

45
Q

Decreased estrogen, increased FSH,LH

A

Turner sydrome. Decreased in estrogen production leads to disregulation of LH and FSH

46
Q

Increased Testosterone and LH

A

Defective androgen receptor, Androgen insensitivity syndrome. Also increased estrogen

47
Q

Increased testosterone and decreased LH

A

testosterone tumor

48
Q

decreased testosterone and increased LH

A

Klinefelters, primary hypogonadism

49
Q

Decreased testosterone and LH

A

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

50
Q

Normal testosterone/estrogen, LH normal or Increased

A

5a reductase deficiency

51
Q

decreased GnRH,FSH,LH, testosterone and sperm count

A

Kallmann syndrome due to defective migration of GnRH cells

52
Q

Increased LH, decreased FSH, Increased testosterone, Increased estrogen

A

PCOS

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