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Reproductive chapter Flashcards

1
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

Renal agenesis

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2
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

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3
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Ototoxicity

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4
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR

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5
Q

Diethylstilbestrol

A

vaginal clear cell adenomacarcinoma

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6
Q

Folate antagonists

A

Neural tube defects

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7
Q

Lithium

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

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8
Q

Phenytoin

A

Fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, mental retardation

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9
Q

Tetracycline

A

Discolored teeth

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10
Q

thalidomide

A

limb defects

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11
Q

Valproate

A

inhibition of maternal folate absorption, neural tube defects

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12
Q

warfarin

A

bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

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13
Q

Alcohol

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome, birth defects, mental retardation, holoproencephalopathy

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14
Q

Cocaine

A

Placental abruption

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15
Q

Smoking

A

preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

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16
Q

Iodide

A

hypothyroidism or goiter

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17
Q

maternal diabetes

A

caudal regression syndrome, congenital heart defects, neural tube defects

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18
Q

vitamin A excess

A

spontaneous abortion, cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities

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19
Q

Xrays

A

microcephaly and mental retardation

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20
Q

1st aortic arch

A

maxillary artery

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21
Q

2nd aortic arch

A

stapedial artery and hyoid artery

22
Q

3rd aortic arch

A

Common carotid and proximal internal carotid artery

23
Q

4th aortic arch

A

left aortic arch, right proximal sublcavian

24
Q

6th aortic arch

A

proximal part of pulmonary artery and ductus arteriousus

25
1st brachial cleft
external auditory meatus
26
2nd-4th cleft
temporary cervical sinuses, eventually obliterated. Persistent cervical sinus yields a brancial cleft cyst in the lateral neck
27
1st branchial arch
Meckel's cartilage: Mandible, malleus, mandibular ligament Muscles of Mastiction: masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids, mylohyoid, tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini CN V2/V3 treacher collins syndrome
28
2nd branchial arch
Reichert's cartilage: stapes, styloid, stylohyoid Muscles of facial expression: stapedius, stylohoid CNVII
29
3rd branchial arch
Cartilage: greater horn of hyoid Stylopharyngeus muscle CNIX congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula: persistence of cleft and pouch with fistula between tonsillar area, cleft in lateral neck
30
4th-6th branchial arches
Cartilages:thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform 4th-pharyngeal constrictors 6th- intrinsic muscles of larynx CNX 4-superior laryngeal branch- swallow 6- recurrent laryngeal branch-speak
31
1st branchial pouch
middle ear, eustachian tube, mastoid cells
32
2nd branchial pouch
palantine tonsil epithelial lining
33
3rd branchial pouch
thymus and inferior parathyroid
34
4th branchial pouch
superior parathyroids
35
Ovaries/testes lymph drainage
para-aortic lymph nodes
36
distal 1/3 of vagina/vulva/scrotum lymph drainage
superficial inguinal nodes
37
proximal 2/3 of vagina/uterus
obturator, external iliac, hypogastric nodes
38
Oligomenorrhea
>35 day cycle
39
Polymenorrhea
<21 day cycle
40
Metrorrhagia
frequent but irregular menstruation
41
Menometrorrhagia
Heavy, irregular menstruation at irregular heavy intervals
42
Potency of estrogens
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
43
Decreased inhibin, Increased FSH
Klinefelters, dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules
44
Decreased testosterone, Increased LH,Estrogen
Klinefelters with abnormal leydig cell dysfunction
45
Decreased estrogen, increased FSH,LH
Turner sydrome. Decreased in estrogen production leads to disregulation of LH and FSH
46
Increased Testosterone and LH
Defective androgen receptor, Androgen insensitivity syndrome. Also increased estrogen
47
Increased testosterone and decreased LH
testosterone tumor
48
decreased testosterone and increased LH
Klinefelters, primary hypogonadism
49
Decreased testosterone and LH
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
50
Normal testosterone/estrogen, LH normal or Increased
5a reductase deficiency
51
decreased GnRH,FSH,LH, testosterone and sperm count
Kallmann syndrome due to defective migration of GnRH cells
52
Increased LH, decreased FSH, Increased testosterone, Increased estrogen
PCOS

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