Reproductive Anatomy

Question 1

two groups of organs

Answer 1

reproductive tract
hormonal regulation

Question 2

organs in the reproductive tract

Answer 2

ovaries
oviduct
uterus
cervix
vagina

Question 3

organs used for hormone regulation

Answer 3

pituitary
hypothalamus

Question 4

what do the arms of the reproductive tract consist of

Answer 4

ovaries
oviduct
uterine horns

Question 5

what does the trunk of the uterine tract contain

Answer 5

uterine body
cervix
vagina
vulva

Question 6

what attaches reproductive tract to abdominal wall

Answer 6

broad ligament

Question 7

mesometrium

Answer 7

part of BL that attaches uterine horns and uterus

Question 8

mesovarium

Answer 8

part of BL that attaches ovariers

Question 9

mesosalpinx

Answer 9

part of BL that attaches oviducts

Question 10

what is the master organ of the reproductive tract

Answer 10

ovaries

Question 11

what makes the mares ovaries different from most

Answer 11

-medulla is on the outside and cortex is on the inside
-can only ovulate at ovulation fossa

Question 12

what does the follicle become after ovulation

Answer 12

the CL

Question 13

T/F ovaries generally contain one follicle at a time

Answer 13

FALSE. they contain many ranging from 2-50 mm

Question 14

at what size is a follicle ready to ovulate

Answer 14

35 mm

Question 15

stages of follicles

Answer 15

primordial
primary
secondary
tertiary
graffian/dominant

Question 16

qualities of secondary follicle

Answer 16

no antrum
ZP covers oocyte

Question 17

qualities of antral/tertiary follicle

Answer 17

fluid filled cavity

Question 18

job of cervix

Answer 18

protect uterus from pathogens and infection

Question 19

how is the cervix located for AI

Answer 19

via vaginal palpation

Question 20

what cervix structure do mares have that differ from the cow and make AI easier

Answer 20

Longitudinal/cervical folds instead of rings

Question 21

length of vagina

Answer 21

15-20 cm (from cervix to urethral orifice(transverse fold)

Question 22

what is more distinct in young mares and forms the hymen

Answer 22

transverse fold

Question 23

characteristics of the vagina

Answer 23

highly elastic
fibrous tissue(durable)
normally collapsed

Question 24

why is the vagina collapsed when not breeding or foaling

Answer 24

to prevent bacteria and infection from entering reproductive tract

Question 25

what is the vulva

Answer 25

vertical opening directly under anus that provides the first barrier against foreign material

Question 26

poor reproductive conformation of the vulva and its side effects

Answer 26

sunken vulval pools urine and feces increasing risk of infection

Question 27

solution to poor vulva conformation

Answer 27

caslicks

Question 28

where is the hypothalamus located

Answer 28

at the base of the brain

Question 29

where is the pituitary located

Answer 29

bony recess at base of brain, attached ventrally to hypothalamus

Question 30

two main parts of pituitary

Answer 30

anterior posterior

Question 31

hormones from anterior pituitary

Answer 31

FSH LH

Question 32

general function of hormones from anterior pituitary

Answer 32

carried to endocrine cells to stimulate or inhibit other hormones

Question 33

hormones from posterior pituitary

Answer 33

Oxytocin

Question 34

general function of hormones from posterior pituitary

Answer 34

enter bloodstream and travel through body to act as hormones

Question 35

functions of hypothalamus

Answer 35

-middleman between nervous and endocrine systems -sensory information collected and used to regulate endocrine output

Question 36

what hormone initiates and maintains pregnancy

Answer 36

prolactin

Question 37

gonadotropic hormones

Answer 37

FSH LH

Question 38

what hormone does the hypothalamus release

Answer 38

GnRH(causes release of LH and FSH)

Question 39

function of LH

Answer 39

-testosterone production in male -ovulation in mare