Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
two groups of organs
reproductive tract
hormonal regulation
organs in the reproductive tract
ovaries
oviduct
uterus
cervix
vagina
organs used for hormone regulation
pituitary
hypothalamus
what do the arms of the reproductive tract consist of
ovaries
oviduct
uterine horns
what does the trunk of the uterine tract contain
uterine body
cervix
vagina
vulva
what attaches reproductive tract to abdominal wall
broad ligament
mesometrium
part of BL that attaches uterine horns and uterus
mesovarium
part of BL that attaches ovariers
mesosalpinx
part of BL that attaches oviducts
what is the master organ of the reproductive tract
ovaries
what makes the mares ovaries different from most
-medulla is on the outside and cortex is on the inside
-can only ovulate at ovulation fossa
what does the follicle become after ovulation
the CL
T/F ovaries generally contain one follicle at a time
FALSE. they contain many ranging from 2-50 mm
at what size is a follicle ready to ovulate
35 mm
stages of follicles
primordial
primary
secondary
tertiary
graffian/dominant
qualities of secondary follicle
no antrum
ZP covers oocyte
qualities of antral/tertiary follicle
fluid filled cavity
job of cervix
protect uterus from pathogens and infection
how is the cervix located for AI
via vaginal palpation
what cervix structure do mares have that differ from the cow and make AI easier
Longitudinal/cervical folds instead of rings
length of vagina
15-20 cm (from cervix to urethral orifice(transverse fold)
what is more distinct in young mares and forms the hymen
transverse fold
characteristics of the vagina
highly elastic
fibrous tissue(durable)
normally collapsed
why is the vagina collapsed when not breeding or foaling
to prevent bacteria and infection from entering reproductive tract
what is the vulva
vertical opening directly under anus that provides the first barrier against foreign material
poor reproductive conformation of the vulva and its side effects
sunken vulval pools urine and feces increasing risk of infection
solution to poor vulva conformation
caslicks
where is the hypothalamus located
at the base of the brain
where is the pituitary located
bony recess at base of brain, attached ventrally to hypothalamus
two main parts of pituitary
anterior
posterior
hormones from anterior pituitary
FSH
LH
general function of hormones from anterior pituitary
carried to endocrine cells to stimulate or inhibit other hormones
hormones from posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
general function of hormones from posterior pituitary
enter bloodstream and travel through body to act as hormones
functions of hypothalamus
-middleman between nervous and endocrine systems
-sensory information collected and used to regulate endocrine output
what hormone initiates and maintains pregnancy
prolactin
gonadotropic hormones
FSH
LH
what hormone does the hypothalamus release
GnRH(causes release of LH and FSH)
function of LH
-testosterone production in male
-ovulation in mare
