Anatomy Flashcards
what is looked at to determine balance
shoulder
hip
topline
what is encompassed in the trunk
skull
spinal column
ribs
breastbone
long bones function
support weight and locomotion
short bones function
absorb concussion
form complex joints
examples of short bones
knee
hock
fetlock
flat bones function
enclose cavities containing vital organs and large areas for attachment of muscles
irregular bones function
protect central nervous system
EX. spinal column
epiphysis
end of the bone
what is the epiphysis made of
-articular(thick & smooth) cartilage
-spongy(cancellous) bone
trabeculae
honeycomb of bony plates building block of spongy bones
diaphysis
shaft of bone
what is the diaphysis mad of
compact(cortical) bone
what is the name where the diaphysis and the epiphysis meet
metaphysis
periosteum
fibrous connective tissue that covers entire bone
job of the periosteum
-facilitate attachment of ligaments and tendons to bone
-protect and heal bone
medullary cavity
hollow chamber in bone filled with connective tissue(marrow)
endochondral ossification
cartilage being replaced by bone as the horse ages
where does growth occur
epiphyseal plate
where is the epiphyseal plate
junction of epiphysis and diaphysis
when does the cartilage at the epiphyseal plate become replaced with bone
at puberty
what is used to regulate calcium levels? how do they work
osteoblast-bring excess calcium into bone
osteoclast-remove calcium from bone when its low
how many bones are in the skull
34 irregular bones
parts of the skill
cranial cavity
orbital cavity
nasal cavity
oral passage
cranial cavity
encloses and protects the brain
orbital cavity
socket that surrounds and protects the eye
nasal cavity
passageway to respiratory
oral passage
passage to digestive tract
parts of spinal column and number of bones
-cervical(neck): 7
-thoracic(back): 18
-lumbar(loin): 6
-sacral(croup): 5
-coccygeal(tail): ~18
parts of joints
articular surfaces
articular cartilage
joint capsule
ligaments
articular surfaces
surfaces that articulate with other bones
articular cartilage
cartilage covering articular surface
what cartilage covers the bone
periosteum
joint capsule
-synovial membrane(produces synovial fluid “joint oil”)
-fibrous membrane(covers synovial membrane and stabilizes joint)
ligaments
connective tissue extending from bone to bone
hinge joint
flexion and extension
EX: knee to cannon
pivot joint
allows shaking movements
EX: atlas and axis
ball and socket joint
allows movement in any direction
EX: femur
smooth muscle
nonstriated
involuntary
regulated by automated nervous system
skeletal muscle
voluntary
each muscle covered by cell membrane
what is the longest bone in the body
femur
cardiac muscle
found in heart
involuntary
regulated by automatic nervous system
3 different names for the digits
-p1, proximal, long
-p2, middle, short
-p3, distal, coffin
