Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is looked at to determine balance

A

shoulder
hip
topline

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2
Q

what is encompassed in the trunk

A

skull
spinal column
ribs
breastbone

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3
Q

long bones function

A

support weight and locomotion

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4
Q

short bones function

A

absorb concussion
form complex joints

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5
Q

examples of short bones

A

knee
hock
fetlock

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6
Q

flat bones function

A

enclose cavities containing vital organs and large areas for attachment of muscles

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7
Q

irregular bones function

A

protect central nervous system
EX. spinal column

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8
Q

epiphysis

A

end of the bone

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9
Q

what is the epiphysis made of

A

-articular(thick & smooth) cartilage
-spongy(cancellous) bone

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10
Q

trabeculae

A

honeycomb of bony plates building block of spongy bones

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11
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of bone

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12
Q

what is the diaphysis mad of

A

compact(cortical) bone

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13
Q

what is the name where the diaphysis and the epiphysis meet

A

metaphysis

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14
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous connective tissue that covers entire bone

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15
Q

job of the periosteum

A

-facilitate attachment of ligaments and tendons to bone
-protect and heal bone

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16
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow chamber in bone filled with connective tissue(marrow)

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17
Q

endochondral ossification

A

cartilage being replaced by bone as the horse ages

18
Q

where does growth occur

A

epiphyseal plate

19
Q

where is the epiphyseal plate

A

junction of epiphysis and diaphysis

20
Q

when does the cartilage at the epiphyseal plate become replaced with bone

A

at puberty

21
Q

what is used to regulate calcium levels? how do they work

A

osteoblast-bring excess calcium into bone
osteoclast-remove calcium from bone when its low

22
Q

how many bones are in the skull

A

34 irregular bones

23
Q

parts of the skill

A

cranial cavity
orbital cavity
nasal cavity
oral passage

24
Q

cranial cavity

A

encloses and protects the brain

25
orbital cavity
socket that surrounds and protects the eye
26
nasal cavity
passageway to respiratory
27
oral passage
passage to digestive tract
28
parts of spinal column and number of bones
-cervical(neck): 7 -thoracic(back): 18 -lumbar(loin): 6 -sacral(croup): 5 -coccygeal(tail): ~18
29
parts of joints
articular surfaces articular cartilage joint capsule ligaments
30
articular surfaces
surfaces that articulate with other bones
31
articular cartilage
cartilage covering articular surface
32
what cartilage covers the bone
periosteum
33
joint capsule
-synovial membrane(produces synovial fluid "joint oil") -fibrous membrane(covers synovial membrane and stabilizes joint)
34
ligaments
connective tissue extending from bone to bone
35
hinge joint
flexion and extension EX: knee to cannon
36
pivot joint
allows shaking movements EX: atlas and axis
37
ball and socket joint
allows movement in any direction EX: femur
38
smooth muscle
nonstriated involuntary regulated by automated nervous system
39
skeletal muscle
voluntary each muscle covered by cell membrane
40
what is the longest bone in the body
femur
41
cardiac muscle
found in heart involuntary regulated by automatic nervous system
42
3 different names for the digits
-p1, proximal, long -p2, middle, short -p3, distal, coffin