Anatomy

Question 1

what is looked at to determine balance

Answer 1

shoulder
hip
topline

Question 2

what is encompassed in the trunk

Answer 2

skull
spinal column
ribs
breastbone

Question 3

long bones function

Answer 3

support weight and locomotion

Question 4

short bones function

Answer 4

absorb concussion
form complex joints

Question 5

examples of short bones

Answer 5

knee
hock
fetlock

Question 6

flat bones function

Answer 6

enclose cavities containing vital organs and large areas for attachment of muscles

Question 7

irregular bones function

Answer 7

protect central nervous system
EX. spinal column

Question 8

epiphysis

Answer 8

end of the bone

Question 9

what is the epiphysis made of

Answer 9

-articular(thick & smooth) cartilage
-spongy(cancellous) bone

Question 10

trabeculae

Answer 10

honeycomb of bony plates building block of spongy bones

Question 11

diaphysis

Answer 11

shaft of bone

Question 12

what is the diaphysis mad of

Answer 12

compact(cortical) bone

Question 13

what is the name where the diaphysis and the epiphysis meet

Answer 13

metaphysis

Question 14

periosteum

Answer 14

fibrous connective tissue that covers entire bone

Question 15

job of the periosteum

Answer 15

-facilitate attachment of ligaments and tendons to bone
-protect and heal bone

Question 16

medullary cavity

Answer 16

hollow chamber in bone filled with connective tissue(marrow)

Question 17

endochondral ossification

Answer 17

cartilage being replaced by bone as the horse ages

Question 18

where does growth occur

Answer 18

epiphyseal plate

Question 19

where is the epiphyseal plate

Answer 19

junction of epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 20

when does the cartilage at the epiphyseal plate become replaced with bone

Answer 20

at puberty

Question 21

what is used to regulate calcium levels? how do they work

Answer 21

osteoblast-bring excess calcium into bone
osteoclast-remove calcium from bone when its low

Question 22

how many bones are in the skull

Answer 22

34 irregular bones

Question 23

parts of the skill

Answer 23

cranial cavity
orbital cavity
nasal cavity
oral passage

Question 24

cranial cavity

Answer 24

encloses and protects the brain

Question 25

orbital cavity

Answer 25

socket that surrounds and protects the eye

Question 26

nasal cavity

Answer 26

passageway to respiratory

Question 27

oral passage

Answer 27

passage to digestive tract

Question 28

parts of spinal column and number of bones

Answer 28

-cervical(neck): 7
-thoracic(back): 18
-lumbar(loin): 6
-sacral(croup): 5
-coccygeal(tail): ~18

Question 29

parts of joints

Answer 29

articular surfaces
articular cartilage
joint capsule
ligaments

Question 30

articular surfaces

Answer 30

surfaces that articulate with other bones

Question 31

articular cartilage

Answer 31

cartilage covering articular surface

Question 32

what cartilage covers the bone

Answer 32

periosteum

Question 33

joint capsule

Answer 33

-synovial membrane(produces synovial fluid “joint oil”)
-fibrous membrane(covers synovial membrane and stabilizes joint)

Question 34

ligaments

Answer 34

connective tissue extending from bone to bone

Question 35

hinge joint

Answer 35

flexion and extension
EX: knee to cannon

Question 36

pivot joint

Answer 36

allows shaking movements
EX: atlas and axis

Question 37

ball and socket joint

Answer 37

allows movement in any direction
EX: femur

Question 38

smooth muscle

Answer 38

nonstriated
involuntary
regulated by automated nervous system

Question 39

skeletal muscle

Answer 39

voluntary
each muscle covered by cell membrane

Question 40

what is the longest bone in the body

Answer 40

femur

Question 41

cardiac muscle

Answer 41

found in heart
involuntary
regulated by automatic nervous system

Question 42

3 different names for the digits

Answer 42

-p1, proximal, long
-p2, middle, short
-p3, distal, coffin