Genetics and Breeding Flashcards

1
Q

mare effects on phenotype

A

uterine environment
milk production
temperament

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2
Q

what factors impact phenotype

A

genetics
environment

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3
Q

T/F genetic progress decreases as selection pressure(# of traits selected for) increases

A

TRUE

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4
Q

average generation interval of horses

A

10 years

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5
Q

T/F temperament and conformation have been found to be highly heritable

A

TRUE

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6
Q

environmental effects

A

feed and hay
facility/arena
trainer
judges
event cattle

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7
Q

what environmental factor has the biggest impact for growing horses

A

feed and hay

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8
Q

what sire has a higher correlation of navicular syndrome in his offspring

A

Zippo Pine Bar

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9
Q

all major sires can be traced back to which top sire

A

Three Bars

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10
Q

mating systems

A

inbreeding
inbreeding depression
linebreeding
outcrossing
crossbreeding

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11
Q

what signifies something as inbreeding

A

inbreeding coefficient > 10%

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12
Q

successful example of inbreeding

A

wimpy P-1(comes from old sorrel)

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13
Q

inbreeding depression

A

expression of recessive genes for individual characteristics

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14
Q

major sire of HERDA

A

Poco Bueno

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15
Q

what is HERDA

A

recessive genetic disease leading to skin issues that will eventually cause death

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16
Q

goals of linebreeding

A

-inbreeding coefficient less than 10%
-relationship coefficient greater than 25%

17
Q

outcrossing

A

-mating animals in same breed but no close genetic relation
-breeding population isnt closed
-minimize level of inbreeding

18
Q

goals of crossbreeding

A

heterosis(hybrid vigor)

19
Q

T/F heritability estimates for racing decreases as race length increases

A

TRUE. longer races allow for greater effects of the jockey

20
Q

racing stakes low to high end

A

claiming(low)
allowance
stakes(high)

21
Q

Speed index

A

measure horses relative speed under certain conditions to compare horses runs at different tracks

22
Q

genetic change equation

A

GC= (sire SI-breed avg.) + (dam SI - breed avg.) x speed(h2) + breed avg.

23
Q

polysaccharide storage myopathy(PSSM)

A

abnormal accumulation of glycogen as sugar stored in muscle
-autosomal dominant

24
Q

glycogen branching enzyme deficiency(GBED)

A

mostly in QH inability to correctly store glycogen, fatal to foals
-autosomal recessive

25
Q

malignant hyperthermia(MH)

A

stress/excitement cazn trigger muscle contraction, elevated temp, and irregular heart rhythm
-autosomal dominant