Feed and Water Intake Flashcards
basic signs of illness
-non clear/excessive nasal discharge
-cough more than 1-2 times at a time
-cough when working
-appear lame
-leave feed untouched
-discharge from eyes
-edema in legs
what does stocked up legs refer to
leg edema(most common in hind legs)
rostral direction
towards the nose
planter direction
towards hind limb below the hock
what does B.A.R. stand for
bright
alert
responsive
how often should gut sounds occur
every 60 seconds
what can be given to lower fever? how is it administered?
banamine, given intravenously
how often should fever be checked
every 3-4 hours
what happens when a fever breaks
-muscles go limp
-sweating
-sensitive to touch
-temp decreases
at what temperature will thermoregulation begin to fail
108.5
what happens when the brains thermoregulation fails
proteins coagulate and it can cause organ failure and death
what BPM in a resting adult horse becomes worrisome
60 and above
T/F horse heart rate decreases with age
TRUE
T/F mares have slightly higher pulses than stallions or geldings
TRUE
how many breaths per minute is normal
8-16
what issues can mucosa help identify
-anemia
-congestion
-jaundice
-shock
-colic
what to look for when checking mucosa
color
discharge
swelling
hemorrhage
mucosa colors and meanings
pink-healthy
fiery red-unhealthy
blue/purple-deathly unhealthy
pale-anemic
capillary refill time
time for gums to regain color after pressure, healthy is 1-2 seconds
skin pliability
should quickly return to normal when tented, if not it can indicate dehydration
dull and sunken eyes indicate what
loss of 4-5% of body weight
vet should be called immediately
how often do horses urinate
every 4-6 hours
how much urine do horses produce
3-9 quarts(average 5.5)
what does brown urine indicate
excess nitrogen
what does cloudy urine indicate
calcium carbonate crystals
what does blood in urine indicate
genital tract infection
what does straining urination indicate
-muscle disorder
-nervous system disorder
-kidney disease(rare)
-bladder infection
-sheath obstruction(in males)
how often should horses defecate
every three hours
T/F stallions and foals defecate less frequently than mares
FALSE. they can defecate up to twice as much
what does loose stool indicate
-malabsorption problems
how to treat foals with diarrhea
wash the area to prevent scabbing
two types of foal diarrhea
-foal heat: onset 7-9 days after parturition when mare enters heat
-normal foal diarrhea
what causses green feces
high green diets(EX: alfalfa)
how do high beet pulp diets affect feces
reddish brown
sticky clear film on it
how does vegetable oil affect feces
loose, grayish, oily
what does mucus on feces indicate
impaction/ delayed passage
what does red feces indicate
tear in lower GI tract
what can cause tears in lower GI tract
improper palpation
treatment for minor tears in lower GI tract
put her in a field for a few weeks with no palpation/breeding to recover
T/F large lower GI tract tears can lead to death
TRUE
reasons for coprophagy in adults
-boredom(most common)
-lacking nutrients
-craving undigested fiber, protein, and vitamins
T/F horses drink more with automatic water feeders
FALSE. they drink less, it also requires training for horses to use
how much does water intake increase in performance horses
2x
how much does water intake increase in lactating mares
75% increase
changes in behavior indicating illness
-decreased appetite
-refusal to eat
-quidding
-restlessness
-exhaustion
quidding
balling food then dropping it due to mouth pain
changes in physical appearance indicating illness
-dull hair coat
-sunken eyes
-excessive sweating
-excessive salivation
-attempts to vomit
-nasal, ocular, or vaginal discharge
