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Intro to Equine > Feed and Water Intake > Flashcards

Feed and Water Intake Flashcards

1
Q

basic signs of illness

A

-non clear/excessive nasal discharge
-cough more than 1-2 times at a time
-cough when working
-appear lame
-leave feed untouched
-discharge from eyes
-edema in legs

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2
Q

what does stocked up legs refer to

A

leg edema(most common in hind legs)

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3
Q

rostral direction

A

towards the nose

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4
Q

planter direction

A

towards hind limb below the hock

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5
Q

what does B.A.R. stand for

A

bright
alert
responsive

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6
Q

how often should gut sounds occur

A

every 60 seconds

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7
Q

what can be given to lower fever? how is it administered?

A

banamine, given intravenously

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8
Q

how often should fever be checked

A

every 3-4 hours

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9
Q

what happens when a fever breaks

A

-muscles go limp
-sweating
-sensitive to touch
-temp decreases

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10
Q

at what temperature will thermoregulation begin to fail

A

108.5

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11
Q

what happens when the brains thermoregulation fails

A

proteins coagulate and it can cause organ failure and death

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12
Q

what BPM in a resting adult horse becomes worrisome

A

60 and above

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13
Q

T/F horse heart rate decreases with age

A

TRUE

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14
Q

T/F mares have slightly higher pulses than stallions or geldings

A

TRUE

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15
Q

how many breaths per minute is normal

A

8-16

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16
Q

what issues can mucosa help identify

A

-anemia
-congestion
-jaundice
-shock
-colic

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17
Q

what to look for when checking mucosa

A

color
discharge
swelling
hemorrhage

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18
Q

mucosa colors and meanings

A

pink-healthy
fiery red-unhealthy
blue/purple-deathly unhealthy
pale-anemic

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19
Q

capillary refill time

A

time for gums to regain color after pressure, healthy is 1-2 seconds

20
Q

skin pliability

A

should quickly return to normal when tented, if not it can indicate dehydration

21
Q

dull and sunken eyes indicate what

A

loss of 4-5% of body weight
vet should be called immediately

22
Q

how often do horses urinate

A

every 4-6 hours

23
Q

how much urine do horses produce

A

3-9 quarts(average 5.5)

24
Q

what does brown urine indicate

A

excess nitrogen

25
Q

what does cloudy urine indicate

A

calcium carbonate crystals

26
Q

what does blood in urine indicate

A

genital tract infection

27
Q

what does straining urination indicate

A

-muscle disorder
-nervous system disorder
-kidney disease(rare)
-bladder infection
-sheath obstruction(in males)

28
Q

how often should horses defecate

A

every three hours

29
Q

T/F stallions and foals defecate less frequently than mares

A

FALSE. they can defecate up to twice as much

30
Q

what does loose stool indicate

A

-malabsorption problems

31
Q

how to treat foals with diarrhea

A

wash the area to prevent scabbing

32
Q

two types of foal diarrhea

A

-foal heat: onset 7-9 days after parturition when mare enters heat
-normal foal diarrhea

33
Q

what causses green feces

A

high green diets(EX: alfalfa)

34
Q

how do high beet pulp diets affect feces

A

reddish brown
sticky clear film on it

35
Q

how does vegetable oil affect feces

A

loose, grayish, oily

36
Q

what does mucus on feces indicate

A

impaction/ delayed passage

37
Q

what does red feces indicate

A

tear in lower GI tract

38
Q

what can cause tears in lower GI tract

A

improper palpation

39
Q

treatment for minor tears in lower GI tract

A

put her in a field for a few weeks with no palpation/breeding to recover

40
Q

T/F large lower GI tract tears can lead to death

A

TRUE

41
Q

reasons for coprophagy in adults

A

-boredom(most common)
-lacking nutrients
-craving undigested fiber, protein, and vitamins

42
Q

T/F horses drink more with automatic water feeders

A

FALSE. they drink less, it also requires training for horses to use

43
Q

how much does water intake increase in performance horses

A

2x

44
Q

how much does water intake increase in lactating mares

A

75% increase

45
Q

changes in behavior indicating illness

A

-decreased appetite
-refusal to eat
-quidding
-restlessness
-exhaustion

46
Q

quidding

A

balling food then dropping it due to mouth pain

47
Q

changes in physical appearance indicating illness

A

-dull hair coat
-sunken eyes
-excessive sweating
-excessive salivation
-attempts to vomit
-nasal, ocular, or vaginal discharge

Intro to Equine (12 decks)

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