Reproductive

Question 1

APGAR

Answer 1

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration (>7 good, 4-6 assist and stimulate; <4 resuscitate)

Question 2

Low Birth Weight

Answer 2

<2,500 g

Question 3

Notochord

Answer 3

induces ectoderm to form the neural plate

Question 4

Neural plate

Answer 4

gives rise to neural tube and neural crest cells

Question 5

Teratogenic drugs

Answer 5

ACE inhibitors - renal malformations. Aminoglycosides - ototoxicity. Fluoroquinolones - cartilage damage. Tetracyclines - Discolored teeh. Cyclophosphamide - ear/facial anomalies, limb hypoplasia, absence of digits. Methotrexate - neural tube defects, abortion. Carbamazepine - neural tube defects. Valproic acid - neural tube defects. Phenytoin - fetal hydantoin syndrome. Lithium - Ebstein anamoly. Statins - CNS and limb abnormalities (cat x). Warfarin - facial/lim/CNS anaomalies, sponatneous abortion. Isotretinoin - (Cat X) spontaneous abortions (Neural crest cell migration). Diethylstilbestrol (DES) - clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma. Thalidomide - phocomelia

Question 6

getstational age vs developmental age

Answer 6

40 week gestational age = 38 week fetus developmental age. 3-8 wks - organogenesis (most susceptible). week 4 - 4 chambered heart, 4 limb buds. week 8 - fetal movement (gait). 10- genitalia

Question 7

FAS

Answer 7

fetal alcohol syndrome. smooth filtrun, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures, wide set eyes, cleft lip or palate, mental retardation