Gastrointestinal

Question 1

Gastroschisis

Answer 1

extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds; not covered by pertoneum

Question 2

Omphalocele

Answer 2

persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum

Question 3

Retroperitoneal structures

Answer 3

SAD PUCKER - Suprarenal (adrenal) glands, Aorta and IVC, Duodenum (2-4), Pancrease (except tail), Ureters, Colon (descending and ascending), Kidneys, Esophagus (lower 2/3), Rectum (partially)

Question 4

Portosystemic anastomoses

Answer 4

FA 340

Question 5

Hernias

Answer 5

FA 344

Question 6

GI regulatory substances

Answer 6

FA 345

Question 7

Hasselbach triangle

Answer 7

Inferior epigastric vessels, lateral border of rectus abdominis, inguinal ligament

Question 8

Vitamin/mineral absorption

Answer 8

Iron - absorbed as Fe in duodenum
Folate - absorbed in jejunum and ileum
B12 - absorbed in terminal ileum along with bile acids, requires intrinsic factor

Question 9

Salivary gland tumors

Answer 9

FA 349

Question 10

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Answer 10

Triad of Dysphagia (due to esophageal webs), Iron deficiency anemia, and Glossitis

Question 11

Menetrier disease

Answer 11

Gastric hypertrophy with protein loss, parietal cell atrophy, and inc mucous cells. Precancerous. Rugae of stomach are so hypertrophied that they look like brain gyri.

Question 12

Malabsorption syndromes

Answer 12

FA 353

Question 13

Inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 13

FA 354

Question 14

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Answer 14

Autosomal dominant syndrome featuring multiple nonmalignant hamartomas throughout GI tract, along with hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands, genitalia. Associated with inc risk of CRC and other visceral malignancies

Question 15

Colorectal cancer

Answer 15

FA 359

Question 16

Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemias

Answer 16

FA 364