reproduction- key terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Define asexual reproduction

A

the process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent.

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2
Q

Define sexual reproduction

A

a process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes (sex cells) to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other

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2
Q

Define fertilisation

A

the fusion of gamete nuclei

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2
Q

Define diploid

A

Full Set of Chromosomes

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3
Q

Define haploid

A

Half Set of Chromosomes

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4
Q

Define the function of Sepal

A

protect the flower bud.

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5
Q

Define the function of Petal

A

brightly coloured and scented and may have nectarines, which are all used to attract insects. Petals in wind-pollinated flowers are tiny and used for pushing the bracts (leaf-like structures) apart from exposing stamens and stigma.

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6
Q

Define the function of Anther

A

has pollen sacs with pollen grains that contain the male nucleus (male gamete).

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7
Q

Define the function of Stigma

A

platform on which pollen grains land

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8
Q

Define the function of Ovary

A

hollow chamber, ovules grow from the walls.

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9
Q

Define pollination

A

transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant (anther of stamen) to the female part of the plant (stigma).

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10
Q

Define pollen tube

A

pollen grain lands on the stigma and creates a tunnel down the style, through the micropyle to ovules.

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11
Q

Define self pollination

A

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or a different flower on the same plant.

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12
Q

Define cross pollination

A

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species.

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13
Q

Define germination

A

A process controlled by enzymes

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14
Q

Define water

A

activates enzymes to turn insoluble food stores into soluble substances, and makes tissues swell so that the testa splits

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15
Q

Define oxygen

A

enters through the gaps in the testa (along with water), and is used in aerobic respiration.

16
Q

Define temperature

A

must be suitable for enzymes to work (at optimum temperature).

17
Q

Define the male reproductive: testes

A

have many coiled tubes that produce sperm, and the cells between tubes produce testosterone

18
Q

Define the male reproductive: scrotum

A

holds testicles

19
Q

Define the male reproductive: sperm duct

A

carries sperm from testicles to urethra.

20
Q

Define the male reproductive: prostate gland

A

makes seminal fluid

21
Q

Define the male reproductive: urethra

A

carries semen from the sperm duct to the tip of the penis

22
Q

Define the male reproductive: penis

A

male sex organ used to transfer semen to the female.

23
Q

Define the female reproductive system: ovary

A

contains follicles that develop into the ova and produces progesterone and oestrogen

24
Q

Define the female reproductive system: oviduct (fallopian tube)

A

carries the ovum to the uterus

25
Q

Define the female reproductive system: uterus (womb)

A

where the fetus develops.

26
Q

Define the female reproductive system: cervix

A

neck of the uterus: a robust and rigid muscle, moist by mucus with a small opening

26
Q

Define the female reproductive system: vagina

A

receives the penis during intercourse and way out for baby at birth. Moist tube of muscle, flexible and secretes mucus

27
Q

Define Fertilisation

A

The fusion of the nuclei from a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg cell).

28
Q

Define Development of fetus

A

The zygote is changed through growth (mitosis) and development (organisation of cells into tissues and organs)

29
Q

Define Umbilical cord

A

contains the umbilical artery, which carries deoxygenated blood and waste products from the fetus to the placenta and the umbilical vein, which carries oxygenated blood and soluble food from the placenta to the fetus. (Contains fetus’ blood)

30
Q

Define Placenta

A

organ for exchange of soluble materials such as foods, wastes and oxygen between mother and fetus; physical attachment between uterus and fetus. (Contains mother’s blood)

31
Q

Define amniotic sac

A

membrane which encloses amniotic fluid, broken at birth.

32
Q

Define amniotic fluid

A

protects the fetus against mechanical shock, drying out and temperature fluctuations

33
Q

hormones in menstrual cycle: define oestrogen

A

secreted by the ovaries. It stops FSH from being produced - so that only one egg matures in a cycle, and it stimulates the pituitary gland to release the hormone LH.

34
Q

hormones in menstrual cycle: define progesterone

A

secreted by the placenta during pregnancy, while during the menstrual cycle is by the ovaries. Its primary function is maintaining the uterus lining during the middle of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

35
Q

hormones in menstrual cycle: define follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH):

A

secreted by the pituitary gland. It causes an egg to mature in an ovary and stimulates ovaries to release oestrogen hormone.

36
Q

hormones in menstrual cycle: define luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

secreted by the pituitary gland and causes mature eggs to be released from the ovary.

37
Q
A
38
Q

Define human lmmunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

sexually transmitted infection.

39
Q

Define transmission

A

Intercourse, blood transfusion, organ transplant or sharing a needle with an infected person