reproduction- key terms

Question 1

Define asexual reproduction

Answer 1

the process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent.

Question 2

Define sexual reproduction

Answer 2

a process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes (sex cells) to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other

Question 2

Define fertilisation

Answer 2

the fusion of gamete nuclei

Question 2

Define diploid

Answer 2

Full Set of Chromosomes

Question 3

Define haploid

Answer 3

Half Set of Chromosomes

Question 4

Define the function of Sepal

Answer 4

protect the flower bud.

Question 5

Define the function of Petal

Answer 5

brightly coloured and scented and may have nectarines, which are all used to attract insects. Petals in wind-pollinated flowers are tiny and used for pushing the bracts (leaf-like structures) apart from exposing stamens and stigma.

Question 6

Define the function of Anther

Answer 6

has pollen sacs with pollen grains that contain the male nucleus (male gamete).

Question 7

Define the function of Stigma

Answer 7

platform on which pollen grains land

Question 8

Define the function of Ovary

Answer 8

hollow chamber, ovules grow from the walls.

Question 9

Define pollination

Answer 9

transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant (anther of stamen) to the female part of the plant (stigma).

Question 10

Define pollen tube

Answer 10

pollen grain lands on the stigma and creates a tunnel down the style, through the micropyle to ovules.

Question 11

Define self pollination

Answer 11

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or a different flower on the same plant.

Question 12

Define cross pollination

Answer 12

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species.

Question 13

Define germination

Answer 13

A process controlled by enzymes

Question 14

Define water

Answer 14

activates enzymes to turn insoluble food stores into soluble substances, and makes tissues swell so that the testa splits

Question 15

Define oxygen

Answer 15

enters through the gaps in the testa (along with water), and is used in aerobic respiration.

Question 16

Define temperature

Answer 16

must be suitable for enzymes to work (at optimum temperature).

Question 17

Define the male reproductive: testes

Answer 17

have many coiled tubes that produce sperm, and the cells between tubes produce testosterone

Question 18

Define the male reproductive: scrotum

Answer 18

holds testicles

Question 19

Define the male reproductive: sperm duct

Answer 19

carries sperm from testicles to urethra.

Question 20

Define the male reproductive: prostate gland

Answer 20

makes seminal fluid

Question 21

Define the male reproductive: urethra

Answer 21

carries semen from the sperm duct to the tip of the penis

Question 22

Define the male reproductive: penis

Answer 22

male sex organ used to transfer semen to the female.

Question 23

Define the female reproductive system: ovary

Answer 23

contains follicles that develop into the ova and produces progesterone and oestrogen

Question 24

Define the female reproductive system: oviduct (fallopian tube)

Answer 24

carries the ovum to the uterus

Question 25

Define the female reproductive system: uterus (womb)

Answer 25

where the fetus develops.

Question 26

Define the female reproductive system: cervix

Answer 26

neck of the uterus: a robust and rigid muscle, moist by mucus with a small opening

Question 26

Define the female reproductive system: vagina

Answer 26

receives the penis during intercourse and way out for baby at birth. Moist tube of muscle, flexible and secretes mucus

Question 27

Define Fertilisation

Answer 27

The fusion of the nuclei from a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg cell).

Question 28

Define Development of fetus

Answer 28

The zygote is changed through growth (mitosis) and development (organisation of cells into tissues and organs)

Question 29

Define Umbilical cord

Answer 29

contains the umbilical artery, which carries deoxygenated blood and waste products from the fetus to the placenta and the umbilical vein, which carries oxygenated blood and soluble food from the placenta to the fetus. (Contains fetus’ blood)

Question 30

Define Placenta

Answer 30

organ for exchange of soluble materials such as foods, wastes and oxygen between mother and fetus; physical attachment between uterus and fetus. (Contains mother’s blood)

Question 31

Define amniotic sac

Answer 31

membrane which encloses amniotic fluid, broken at birth.

Question 32

Define amniotic fluid

Answer 32

protects the fetus against mechanical shock, drying out and temperature fluctuations

Question 33

hormones in menstrual cycle: define oestrogen

Answer 33

secreted by the ovaries. It stops FSH from being produced - so that only one egg matures in a cycle, and it stimulates the pituitary gland to release the hormone LH.

Question 34

hormones in menstrual cycle: define progesterone

Answer 34

secreted by the placenta during pregnancy, while during the menstrual cycle is by the ovaries. Its primary function is maintaining the uterus lining during the middle of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Question 35

hormones in menstrual cycle: define follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH):

Answer 35

secreted by the pituitary gland. It causes an egg to mature in an ovary and stimulates ovaries to release oestrogen hormone.

Question 36

hormones in menstrual cycle: define luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 36

secreted by the pituitary gland and causes mature eggs to be released from the ovary.

Question 38

Define human lmmunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 38

sexually transmitted infection.

Question 39

Define transmission

Answer 39

Intercourse, blood transfusion, organ transplant or sharing a needle with an infected person