plant nutrition - key terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Define photosynthesis

A

the process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light.

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2
Q

Define chlorophyll

A

is a green dye that traps light energy and converts it into chemical energy to form carbohydrates and their subsequent storage.

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3
Q

Define glucose

A

is used for respiration, energy storage, cellulose cell walls, and making proteins and sugars.

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4
Q

Define limiting factor

A

something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life processes.

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5
Q

Leaf structure: Define cuticle

A

the waxy layer that prevents water loss from the top of the leaf

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6
Q

Leaf structure: Define upper/lower epidermis

A

transparent cell that allows sunlight to pass through to the palisade cell

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7
Q

Leaf structure: Define palisade mesophyll

A

is found at the top of the cell and contains many chloroplasts that absorb sunlight.

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8
Q

Leaf structure: Define spongy mesophyll

A

irregularly shaped cells that create air spaces to allow the gaseous exchange to take place; do not contain many chloroplasts

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9
Q

Leaf structure: Define vascular bundles

A

made up of xylem and phloem

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10
Q

Leaf structure: Define xylem

A

vessel which transports water and dissolved minerals and has lignified walls made of cellulose

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11
Q

Leaf structure : Define phloem

A

a vessel that transports nutrients

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12
Q

Leaf structure: Define stomata

A

little holes that open and close to allow the gaseous exchange to occur. The stomata are close to prevent water loss and open to letting gases in and out. When guard cells lose water, the stoma closes (at night), while the stoma opens when guard cells gain water & swell (during the day).

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13
Q

Leaf structure: Define guard cell

A

control the opening and closing of stomata

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14
Q

Define nitrate ions

A

-Making amino acids
-Deficiency: small plant due to slow/stunted growth

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15
Q

Define magnesium ions

A

-Making chlorophyll
-Deficiency: plant lacks chlorophyll, leaves turn yellow

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